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→Comparing Means
:#To rank whole combined observations of two groups
:#To separate back the ranks into two groups
:#To look up ''critical range'' relevant to both numbers of observations and whether '''the sum of ranks''' in '''the group of smaller number of observation''' (=statistics) is outside the range or not
::if outside the range, p-value is smaller than designated
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:#To rank the absolute values of differences (ignoring 0)
:#To make sums of ranks of positive difference and ranks of negative differences
:#To look up '''critical value''' relevant to numbers of pairs with non-0 differences and whether '''the smaller sum of rank'''(=statistics) is smaller than the critical value::if smaller than the critical value, p-value is smaller than designated
::here 'signed' means 'take into account signs of differences of paired data'
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