「Schistosomiasis」の版間の差分
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| + | ==distribution== | ||
| + | [[File:Schistosomiasis distribution adapted from Ferarri, Lancet Neurol 2011.jpg|500px]] | ||
==lifecycle== | ==lifecycle== | ||
{{Intermediate | {{Intermediate | ||
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*'''adult pairs do not cause disease per se''' | *'''adult pairs do not cause disease per se''' | ||
| − | + | ==co-infection== | |
*HIV | *HIV | ||
| − | *Typhoid | + | *'''Typhoid''' |
| − | **''Salmonella'' typhi has crossover antigenicity with ''Schistosoma'' and makes immune-tolerance against ''Schistosoma'' infection | + | **''Salmonella'' typhi has '''crossover antigenicity with ''Schistosoma''''' and makes '''immune-tolerance against ''Schistosoma'' infection''' |
| − | **Also Salmonella hide between male and female schistosomes in the gynecophoric canal | + | **Also '''''Salmonella'' hide''' between male and female schistosomes in the '''gynecophoric canal''' |
*HepB/C | *HepB/C | ||
| 90行目: | 92行目: | ||
==control== | ==control== | ||
| − | * | + | *In Japanese history before introduction of praziquantel, one of ways to control was eliminate intermediate hosts, snails - ''Oncomelania nosophora'' 宮入貝 |
| + | *After introduction of praziquantel | ||
| + | #Malacological monitoring of snails in endemic area | ||
| + | #Improve water irrigation in order to avoid colonization of snails | ||
| + | #Effective screening of people in endemic area to detect actively infected patients | ||
| + | #Periodical mass drug administration to people in endemic area | ||
| + | *Praziquantel 30mg/kg twice for MDA | ||
| + | *Praziquantel 60mg/kg in two divided dose for detected patients | ||
2021年6月9日 (水) 11:41時点における最新版
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目次
schistosoma is distinct from other trematoda
- trematode中schistosomaは他のtrematodeと異なる特徴を持つ
| schistosoma | other trematode |
|---|---|
| transmitted to human by percutaneous invasion of cercariae |
transmitted to human by oral ingestion of metacercariae |
| male and female separated 雌雄別体 | hermaphrodite雌雄同体 |
| does not require 2nd intermediate host (no metacercariae stage) |
requires 2nd intermediate host |
distribution
lifecycle
| Intermediate host | |
|---|---|
| Category | snails |
| Latin | Oncomelania nosophora 宮入貝 in Japan |
| Inward infection |
|
| Organ | snail tissue |
| Reproduction | asexual |
| Course |
|
| Detection | |
| Outward transmission | cercariae swim into freshwater in reaction to light (sunlight) |
| Definitive host | |
|---|---|
| Category | human being |
| Latin | |
| Inward infection |
|
| Organ |
|
| Reproduction | sexual (different from other trematodes) |
| Course |
|
| Detection |
|
| Outward transmission |
|
Schistosoma japonicum
- Katsurada Fujiro found 26 May 1904 from a cat in Yamanashi（水腫腸満）
- Fujinami Kan found 30 May 1904 from a murder victim in Katayama, Hiroshima（片山病）
- found egg in 1904 in Saga（奇病）
pathogenesis
- adult female paired by male migrate to messenteric vein from portal vein and lay eggs into messenteric venule, which are secreted from messenteric venule to intestinal lumen
- eggs also reach urinary bladder or genital tract and generate inflammation, followed by necrosis of tissue and perforation to intestine, resulted in extracorporeal distribution of egg via stool
- eggs are also distributed in liver and cause inflammation resulting in cirrhosis
- inflammation is exclusively due to egg
- adult pairs do not cause disease per se
co-infection
- HIV
- Typhoid
- Salmonella typhi has crossover antigenicity with Schistosoma and makes immune-tolerance against Schistosoma infection
- Also Salmonella hide between male and female schistosomes in the gynecophoric canal
- HepB/C
treatment
- praziquantel was discovered only in mid-1970s in Germany
- praziquantel only kills adult schistosoma
control
- In Japanese history before introduction of praziquantel, one of ways to control was eliminate intermediate hosts, snails - Oncomelania nosophora 宮入貝
- After introduction of praziquantel
- Malacological monitoring of snails in endemic area
- Improve water irrigation in order to avoid colonization of snails
- Effective screening of people in endemic area to detect actively infected patients
- Periodical mass drug administration to people in endemic area
- Praziquantel 30mg/kg twice for MDA
- Praziquantel 60mg/kg in two divided dose for detected patients
