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*[[Amoebiasis|Intestinal amoeba]]
*[[Giardiasis|Giardia]]
*[[Trypanosomiasis|Trypanosoma]]
*[[Leishmaniasis|Leishmania]]
*[[Malaria|Plasmodium]]
*[[Trypanosomiasis|Trypanosoma also has sexual stage]]
*[[Leishmaniasis|Leishmania also has sexual stage]]
*[[Cryptosporidiasis|Cryptosporidium]]
*[[Cyclosporiasis|Cyclospora]]
*[[Isosporiasis|Isospora]]
*[[HIV]]
*[[Viral hepatitis|Hepatitis B]]
*[[Trypanosomiasis|Chagas]]
*[[HIV]]
*[[Viral hepatitis|Hepatitis B]]
*[[Gonorrhea|Neonatal gonococcal conjunctivitis]]
*[[HTLV-1]]
|}
===Water===
{|class="wikitable"
*[[Schistosomiasis]]
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|}
===Soil===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode
|-
!soil
|nil
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*[[Melioidosis]]
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*[[Strongyloidiasis]]
*[[Ascariasis]]
*[[Bartonellosis]]<br>(Oroya fever, Carrion's disease)
*[[Onchocerciasis]]
|}
==Incubation period/Latent infection==
{|class="wikitable"
*[[Melioidosis]]
*[[Leishmania]]
*[[Leptospirosis]] as conjunctival suffusion
|}
===Skin involvement===
{|class="wikitable"
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]
*[[Gnathostomiasis]]
*[[Strongyloidiasis]] as larva currens
|}
===Liver and spleen involvement===
{|class="wikitable"
*[[Leptospirosis]]
*[[Malaria]]
*[[Melioidosis]]
*[[Brucellosis]]
*[[Bartonellosis|Oroya fever]]
*[[Malaria]]
*[[Leishmaniasis|Visceral leishmaniasis]]
*[[Schistosomiasis]]
*[[Leptospirosis]]
*[[Leishmaniasis|Visceral leishmaniasis]]
|}
==Infected cells==
{|class="wikitable"
*[[Tuberculosis]]
*[[Brucellosis]]
*[[Melioidosis]]
*[[Trypanosomiasis]]
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
|}
==Syndromes==
{|class="wikitable"
*[[Ascariasis]]
*[[Strongyloidiasis]]
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]
*[[Onchocerciasis|DEC for onchocerciasis highly possible]]
*[[Onchocerciasis|Ivermectin for onchocerciasis sometimes possible]]
*[[Loiasis|Ivermectin for loasis with onchocerca sometimes possible]]
*[[Lymphatic filariasis]]
*[[Loiasis|Loiasis when <8,000MF/mL]]
*'''NEVER for [[Onchocerciasis]]''' and beware of co-infection
*[[Onchocerciasis]]
**but Mazzotti 10% and encephalopathy
*'''NEVER for [[Loiasis]]''' and beware of co-infection
*[[Strongyloidiasis]]
*[[Loiasis|Loiasis when >8,000MF/mL]]*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]*[[Trichuriasis (whipworm)]]*[[Trichinellosis]]*[[Toxocariasis]]*[[Enterobiasis (pinworm)]]*[[GnathostomiasisStrongyloidiasis]]
*[[Echinococcosis]]|} ===Liver and spleen involvement==={|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"|-!style="width:12.5%| !style="width:12.5%|Virus!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa!style="width:12.5%|Fungi!style="width:12.5%|Nematode!style="width:12.5%|Trematode!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
*[[Ascariasis]]
*[[Schistosomiasis|Adult of schistosoma]]
*[[Clonorchiasis]]
*[[Paragonimiasis]]
*[[Diphyllobothriasis]]
*[[Taeniasis]]
*[[Echinococcosis]]
*[[Lymphatic filariasis|Adult of lymphatic filariae for ''Wolbachia'']]
*[[Onchocerciasis|Adult of onchocerca for ''Wolbachia'']]
*[[Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm)]]
*[[Anisakiasis]]
*[[Angiostrongyliasis (rat lungworm)]]
*[[Echinococcosis|PAIR for ''Echinococcus granulosus''<br>Surgery for ''Echinococcus multilocularis'']]
|style="background:aquamarine;"|1st line<br>but Mazzotti 10%
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''<br>possibly encephalopathy
|-
!Albendazole
|style="background:aquamarine;"|>8,000MF/mL
|rowspan="2" style="background:aquamarine;"|[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC293471/ Ivermectin + Albendazole<br>may be safe]
|style="background:aquamarine;"|1st line<br>but Mazzotti 10%
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''
|may be an option
|style="background:aquamarine;"|>8,000MF/mL
|Cytapheresis of oncho MF before DEC*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]
→Treatment options of Lymphatic filariasis, Onchocerciasis and Loiasis
{{TM menu}}
==Reproduction Routes of protozoatransmission=====Vertical transmission==={|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
|-
! style="width:12.5%| !!style="width:12.5%|Virus!!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria and /<br>Rickettsia!!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa!style="width:12.5%|Fungi!style="width:12.5%|Nematode!!style="width:12.5%|Trematode!style="width:12.5%|Cestode|-!Cestodeplacental|*[[HIV]]*[[Viral hepatitis|Hepatitis B]]|*[[Syphilis]]|*[[Trypanosomiasis|Chagas]]||||
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!asexualtransvaginal|*[[HIV]]*[[Viral hepatitis|Hepatitis B]]
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*[[Gonorrhea|Neonatal gonococcal conjunctivitis]]
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!sexualbreastfeeding|*[[HTLV-1]]
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==Routes of transmission=====Vertical transmission that mattersSoil and Water==={|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
|-
! style="width:12.5%| !!style="width:12.5%|Virus!!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria and /<br>Rickettsia!!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa!style="width:12.5%|Fungi!style="width:12.5%|Nematode!!style="width:12.5%|Trematode!!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
|-
!placentalSoil to skin
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*[[SyphilisMelioidosis]]
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*[[Sporotrichosis]]<br>esp. florists and gardeners
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*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]] (by larvae)
*[[Strongyloidiasis]] (by larvae)
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!transvaginalSoil to mouth|
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*[[Ascariasis]] (by eggs)
*[[Toxocariasis]] (by eggs)
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!breastfeedingSoil to airway|
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*[[Coccidioidomycosis]]
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! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!CestodeAnus to mouth※|||||*[[Enterobiasis (pinworm)]] (by eggs)*[[Trichuriasis (whipworm)]] (by eggs)||
|-
!Direct contact to freshwater
|nil
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*[[Leptospirosis]]
*[[Amoebiasis|''Acanthamoeba'' spp.]] (cornea)
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*[[Schistosomiasis]] (by cercariae)
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!Aspiration of freshwater
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*[[Amoebiasis|''Naegleria fowleri'']]
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*[[Amoebiasis|''Naegleria fowleri'']]
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*[[Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm)]]
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※Direct transmission from anus to mouth, though classified as Soil-Transmitted Helminths
===Animalsand Aquatic organism==={|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
|-
! style="width:12.5%| !!style="width:12.5%|Virus!!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria and /<br>Rickettsia!!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa!style="width:12.5%|Fungi!style="width:12.5%|Nematode!!style="width:12.5%|Trematode!!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
|-
!RodentRodents
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*Hantavirus
*[[Viral Hemorrhagic Fever|Lassa]]
*[[Smallpox and Monkeypox|Monkeypox]]
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*[[Leptospirosis]]
*[[Plague]]
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*[[Bartonellosis]]
*[[Brucellosis]]
*[[Anthrax]]
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*[[Trichinellosis]]
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*[[Taeniasis]]
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!Freshwater fish
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*[[Gnathostomiasis]] (by larvae)
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*[[Metagonimiasis]] (by metacercariae)<br>(sweetfish 鮎)
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!Freshwater crab
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*[[Paragonimiasis]] (by metacercariae)
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!Sea fish
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*[[Anisakiasis]] (by larvae)
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*[[Diphyllobothriasis]]
|}
===Flies===
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
|-
! style="width:12.5%| !!style="width:12.5%|Virus!!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria and /<br>Rickettsia!!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa!style="width:12.5%|Fungi!style="width:12.5%|Nematode!!style="width:12.5%|Trematode!!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
|-
!Sandfly''Phlebotomus''<br>- old world (Africa)
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*[[Leishmaniasis]]
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!BlackflySandfly ''Lutzomyia''<br>- new world (Americas)|
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*[[Bartonellosis]]<br>(Oroya fever, Carrion's disease)
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*[[Leishmaniasis]]
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*[[Trypanosomiasis|African trypanosomiasis]]
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![https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/Creatures/livestock/deer_fly.htm Deer fly<br>''Chrysops'']Blackfly
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|*[[LoasisOnchocerciasis]]
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![https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/Creatures/livestock/deer_fly.htm Horse Deer fly<br>''TabanusChrysops'']
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|*[[LoasisLoiasis]]
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! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode[https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/Creatures/livestock/deer_fly.htm Horse fly ''Tabanus'']|-!Incubation/latency possibly > 1 year
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*[[Trypanosomiasis|''Trypanosoma cruzi''Loiasis]]
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==Target organs=====Eye involvementAcari, Fleas, Lice==={|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
|-
! style="width:12.5%" colspan="2"| !!style="width:12.5%|Virus!!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria and /<br>Rickettsia!!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa!style="width:12.5%|Fungi!style="width:12.5%|Nematode!!style="width:12.5%|Trematode!!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
|-
!Conjunctivitisrowspan="6"|hard<br>ticks!!''Ixodes''|*[[Tick-borne encephalitis]]
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*[[ZikaLyme disease and Relapsing fever|Lyme disease]]*[[Tularaemia]]
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! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode''Dermacentor''|*[[Viral Hemorrhagic Fever|Omsk hemorrhagic fever]]|*[[Spotted fevers|Rocky Mountain spotted fever]]|||||
|-
!larvae migrans''Haemaphysalis''|*[[Viral Hemorrhagic Fever|Kyasanur Forest disease]]
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! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode''Hyalomma''|*[[Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever]]||||||
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!Jaundice''Rhipicephalus''|
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*[[Viral hepatitis]]*[[Yellow Spotted fevers|Mediterranean spotted fever]]
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!Hepatosplenomegaly''Amblyomma''|
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*[[Spotted fevers|African spotted fever<br>(African tick bite fever)]]
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!Hepatomegaly predominantsoft<br>ticks!!''Ornithodoros''|
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*[[Viral hepatitisLyme disease and Relapsing fever|Relapsing fever]]
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!Splenomegaly predominantchigger<br>mite!!''Leptotrombidium''|
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*[[Scrub typhus]]
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! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestodecolspan="2"|flea|-!Macrophage
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*[[Plague]]
*[[Murine typhus]]
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! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestodecolspan="2"|lice|-!Löeffler syndrome
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*[[Epidemic typhus]]
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==Incubation period/Latent infection==
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
|-
!style="width:12.5%|
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
|-
!Mazzotti reactionpossibly > 1 year
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*[[Melioidosis]]
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*[[Leishmania]]
*[[Trypanosomiasis|''Trypanosoma cruzi'']]
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==TreatmentTarget organs=====Treatment for helminthsEye involvement==={|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
|-
! style="width:12.5%| !!style="width:12.5%|Virus!!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria and /<br>Rickettsia!!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa!style="width:12.5%|Fungi!style="width:12.5%|Nematode!!style="width:12.5%|Trematode!!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
|-
!Diethylcarbamazepine<br>(DEC)Conjunctivitis
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*[[Zika]]
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*[[Leptospirosis]] as conjunctival suffusion
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===Skin involvement===
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
|-
!style="width:12.5%|
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
|-
!Ivermectinlarvae migrans|
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*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]
*[[Gnathostomiasis]]
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!Albendazolelarvae currens
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!PraziquantelJaundice|*[[Viral hepatitis]]*[[Yellow fever]]
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*[[Leptospirosis]]
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*[[Malaria]]
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!TriclabendazoleHepato-<br>splenomegaly
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*[[Melioidosis]]
*[[Brucellosis]]
*[[Bartonellosis|Oroya fever]]
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*[[Malaria]]
*[[Leishmaniasis|Visceral leishmaniasis]]
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*[[FasciolasisSchistosomiasis]]
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!DoxycyclineHepatomegaly predominant
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*[[Viral hepatitis]]
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*[[Leptospirosis]]
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!Mechanical removal<br>Spontaneous resolution<br>No effective treatmentSplenomegaly predominant|
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*[[Leishmaniasis|Visceral leishmaniasis]]
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===Options for LF, Oncho and Loiasis=Infected cells=={|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
|-
! style="width:12.5%| !style="width:12.5%|Virus![[Lymphatic filariasis]]style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa![[Onchocerciasis]]style="width:12.5%|Fungi!style="width:12.5%|Nematode![[Loiasis]] style="width:12.5%|Trematode!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
|-
!Diethylcarbamazepine<br>(DEC)Red blood cell|style="background:aquamarine;"|1st line|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"*[[Malaria]]*[[Babesiosis]]|'''NEVER'''<br>possibly Mazzotti|style="background:aquamarine;"||<8,000MF/mL
|-
!IvermectinMacrophage||*[[Tuberculosis]]*[[Brucellosis]]*[[Melioidosis]]|*[[Trypanosomiasis]]*[[Leishmaniasis]]|
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|}
==Syndromes with special names=={|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
|-
! style="width:12.5%| !style="width:12.5%|Virus![[Lymphatic filariasis]]style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa!→LF & Oncho←style="width:12.5%|Fungi!style="width:12.5%|Nematode![[Onchocerciasis]]style="width:12.5%|Trematode!!→Oncho & Loiasis←!![[Loiasis]] style="width:12.5%|Cestode
|-
!Diethylcarbamazepine<br>(DEC)Katayama syndrome|style="background:aquamarine;"|1st line|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''|style="background:aquamarine;"|<8,000MF/mL*[[Schistosomiasis]]
|-
!IvermectinLöeffler syndrome|||||*[[Ascariasis]]*[[Strongyloidiasis]]*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]|
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!AlbendazoleMazzotti reaction|||||*[[Onchocerciasis|DEC for onchocerciasis highly possible]]*[[Onchocerciasis|Ivermectin for onchocerciasis sometimes possible]]*[[Loiasis|Ivermectin for loasis with onchocerca sometimes possible]]
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!Other optionWakana syndrome||
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==Treatment==
