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===Probability===
Given a dataset of a sample derived from a population, of which observed values and distribution (e.g., normal distribution, binary distribution, logistic distribution, etc.) are known, its parameters (e.g., mean and standard deviation, success probability and number of trials, location and scale, etc. ) can be obtained.
Chance that a value <math-->x_i</math> in the sample is in a range of certain values (e.g.''see'' [[Data distribution#Probability, <math>x_i > n</math>) can also be calculated from the dataset. This chance is <math>probability</math>. :<math>probability = P(x_i\text{ in a range}Likelihood|\text{parameters})</math> ==='Probability, Likelihood===Given a dataset of a sample derived from a population, of which observed values and ' in 'Data distribution']]
→Types of variable
{{Epi StatFloating_Menu}}
==Self-assessment quizzes==
flowchart TB
a[Variable]
b[*Quantitative<br>*Numerical] c[*Categorical<br>*Nominal]
d[Continuous]
e[Discrete<br>Integer]
c --- f & g & h
}}
* *Quantitative/numerical variable is also called as '''covariate''' when it is an explanatory (independent) variable
* *Categorical/nominal variable is also called as '''factor''' when it is an explanatory (independent) variable
==Ratio, Rate, Proportion==
==Probability, Likelihood==
==Origin of terminology==
