「Rabies」の版間の差分
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Vaccipedia.admin (トーク | 投稿記録) (ページの作成:「==epidemiology== *endemic >150 countries *55,000 deaths/year **mostly children in Asia and Africa **mainly in rural areas *most endemic in India followed by Bangladesh an…」) |
Vaccipedia.admin (トーク | 投稿記録) |
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| 21行目: | 21行目: | ||
***target of vaccine | ***target of vaccine | ||
**human receptor: nAChR, NCAM, p75NTR - all developed only in nerve cells | **human receptor: nAChR, NCAM, p75NTR - all developed only in nerve cells | ||
| + | |||
==responsible animals== | ==responsible animals== | ||
| 27行目: | 28行目: | ||
*''Lyssavirus'' circulates within a same animal species | *''Lyssavirus'' circulates within a same animal species | ||
**sometimes transmitted to other species - "spillover" phenomenon | **sometimes transmitted to other species - "spillover" phenomenon | ||
| + | *can infect all warm-blooded animals | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==pathophysiology== | ||
| + | *retrograde fast axonal transport CNS 15-100mm/day | ||
| + | *spread from CNS to peripheral nerve | ||
| + | *incubation 4-13 weeks, occasionally up to 6 years | ||
| + | *despite catastrophic clinical outcome, histopathological changes in CNS are quite mild | ||
| + | **macroscopically unremarkable | ||
| + | **microscopically minimal changes characterized by perivascular cuffing of mild degeneration of neuron, microglial activation | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==transmission route to human== | ||
| + | *99.99% animal bites | ||
| + | *aerosol inhalation | ||
| + | **in cave where infected bats live | ||
| + | *organ transplantation | ||
| + | *unrecognized exposure | ||
| + | **ingestion of infected dog meat | ||
| + | **butchering of infected dog | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==symptoms== | ||
| + | #prodromal symptoms 2-10 days | ||
| + | ##itchy, | ||
| + | #acute neurological period 2-10 days | ||
| + | ##furious rabies | ||
| + | ###hydrophobia, aerophobia, hypersalivation, hallucination, high grade fever | ||
| + | ##paralytic rabies - 20% | ||
| + | ###urinary incontinence | ||
| + | ##coma to death of 100% | ||
2021年4月19日 (月) 11:03時点における版
目次
epidemiology
- endemic >150 countries
- 55,000 deaths/year
- mostly children in Asia and Africa
- mainly in rural areas
- most endemic in India followed by Bangladesh and China as well as Pakistan
- Latin "rabere" = to rage, to rave
- Sanskrit "rabhas" = to do violence
pathogen
- family Rhabdoviridiae, genus Lyssavirus
- Rabies lyssavirus
- Duvenhage lyssavirus
- European bat lyssavirus
- negative polarity, monostrand RNA virus
- enveloped
- 5 component proteins
- N, P, M, G, L
- G (glycoprotein) is ligand to cellular invasion
- target of vaccine
- human receptor: nAChR, NCAM, p75NTR - all developed only in nerve cells
responsible animals
- domestic animal - dog, cat in Asia and Africa
- wildlife - bat, fox, raccoon, coyote in Europe and Americas
- Lyssavirus circulates within a same animal species
- sometimes transmitted to other species - "spillover" phenomenon
- can infect all warm-blooded animals
pathophysiology
- retrograde fast axonal transport CNS 15-100mm/day
- spread from CNS to peripheral nerve
- incubation 4-13 weeks, occasionally up to 6 years
- despite catastrophic clinical outcome, histopathological changes in CNS are quite mild
- macroscopically unremarkable
- microscopically minimal changes characterized by perivascular cuffing of mild degeneration of neuron, microglial activation
transmission route to human
- 99.99% animal bites
- aerosol inhalation
- in cave where infected bats live
- organ transplantation
- unrecognized exposure
- ingestion of infected dog meat
- butchering of infected dog
symptoms
- prodromal symptoms 2-10 days
- itchy,
- acute neurological period 2-10 days
- furious rabies
- hydrophobia, aerophobia, hypersalivation, hallucination, high grade fever
- paralytic rabies - 20%
- urinary incontinence
- coma to death of 100%
- furious rabies
