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*anemia
*50,000-90,000 new cases per year
**mainly children affected
**India, Ethiopia, South Sudan, Brazil
*''L. donovani''
**India, Africa
**anthroponotic = maintained in human-to-human infection
*''L. infantum'' (formerly ''L. chagasi'' was thought separated species)
**Mediterranean, China, South America
**dog is reservoir
====post kala-azar dermal leishmanisis (PKDL)====
*skin manifestation after completion of Tx of visceral leishmaniasis
**macular type, papular type, nodular type
*''Leishmania'' may be detected from skin specimen in some cases
**possible reservoir
===cutaneous leishmania===
