「Polio」の版間の差分

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*duration of activity in environment/sewage
+
*duration of activity in environment/sewage - seeding period of years means duration of activity of each virus or continuous producing of VDPV due to OPV
*how to keep activity in environment/sewage
+
*how to keep activity in environment/sewage - can the virus propagate in some cells in sewage
 +
*any intervention directly to sewage where VDPV has been found, like disinfectant
 
*where the sabin virus obtains mutation to VDPV
 
*where the sabin virus obtains mutation to VDPV
 
*threshold of immunization coverage to maintain VDPV free
 
*threshold of immunization coverage to maintain VDPV free
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**⇔Variola cases and true smallpox infection overlapped almost identically
 
**⇔Variola cases and true smallpox infection overlapped almost identically
  
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 +
*novel OPV2
 +
**using genetically modified stain
 +
**more stabilized genomically
  
 
==clinical==
 
==clinical==

2021年4月21日 (水) 11:46時点における版

poliovirus

  • family Picornaviridae, genus Enterovirus
    • Human enterovirus A, B, C, D
      • PV belongs to HEV-C
      • EV71 belongs to HEV-A
      • EV68 (EV-D68) belongs to HEV-D
  • non-enveloped single stranded positive sense RNA virus
    • 4 capsid proteins
  • 3 serotypes
    • wPV2 already eradicated in 2015
    • wPV3 was declared to be eradicated in 17 October 2019 by WHO
    • wPV1 is still circulating in Pakistan and Afghanistan
  • African region was certified as wild polio-free in 2020 by WHO

VDPV

  • cVDPV1 and cVDPV2 are endemic in Africa and Southeast Asia as well as in Pakistan and Afghanistan
    • in recent 12 months no local transmission in Southeast Asia
  • cVDPV3 is not identified so far


  • duration of activity in environment/sewage - seeding period of years means duration of activity of each virus or continuous producing of VDPV due to OPV
  • how to keep activity in environment/sewage - can the virus propagate in some cells in sewage
  • any intervention directly to sewage where VDPV has been found, like disinfectant
  • where the sabin virus obtains mutation to VDPV
  • threshold of immunization coverage to maintain VDPV free

==Global Polio Eradication

  • strategies
    • extensive immunization with OPV or IPV
    • surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis
    • lab diagnosis
  • AFP cases and true poliovirus infection overlap very little
    • ⇔Variola cases and true smallpox infection overlapped almost identically


  • novel OPV2
    • using genetically modified stain
    • more stabilized genomically

clinical

  • mostly asymptomatic
  • many mild manifestation
  • polio paralytic cases 79% by wPV1, 8% by wPV2, 13% by wPV3 in 2010