「Rabies」の版間の差分

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(ページの作成:「==epidemiology== *endemic >150 countries *55,000 deaths/year **mostly children in Asia and Africa **mainly in rural areas *most endemic in India followed by Bangladesh an…」)
 
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***target of vaccine
 
***target of vaccine
 
**human receptor: nAChR, NCAM, p75NTR - all developed only in nerve cells
 
**human receptor: nAChR, NCAM, p75NTR - all developed only in nerve cells
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==responsible animals==
 
==responsible animals==
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*''Lyssavirus'' circulates within a same animal species
 
*''Lyssavirus'' circulates within a same animal species
 
**sometimes transmitted to other species - "spillover" phenomenon
 
**sometimes transmitted to other species - "spillover" phenomenon
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*can infect all warm-blooded animals
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==pathophysiology==
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*retrograde fast axonal transport CNS 15-100mm/day
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*spread from CNS to peripheral nerve
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*incubation 4-13 weeks, occasionally up to 6 years
 +
*despite catastrophic clinical outcome, histopathological changes in CNS are quite mild
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**macroscopically unremarkable
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**microscopically minimal changes characterized by perivascular cuffing of mild degeneration of neuron, microglial activation
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==transmission route to human==
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*99.99% animal bites
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*aerosol inhalation
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**in cave where infected bats live
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*organ transplantation
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*unrecognized exposure
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**ingestion of infected dog meat
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**butchering of infected dog
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 +
==symptoms==
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#prodromal symptoms 2-10 days
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##itchy,
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#acute neurological period 2-10 days
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##furious rabies
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###hydrophobia, aerophobia, hypersalivation, hallucination, high grade fever
 +
##paralytic rabies - 20%
 +
###urinary incontinence
 +
##coma to death of 100%

2021年4月19日 (月) 11:03時点における版

epidemiology

  • endemic >150 countries
  • 55,000 deaths/year
    • mostly children in Asia and Africa
    • mainly in rural areas
  • most endemic in India followed by Bangladesh and China as well as Pakistan
  • Latin "rabere" = to rage, to rave
  • Sanskrit "rabhas" = to do violence

pathogen

  • family Rhabdoviridiae, genus Lyssavirus
    • Rabies lyssavirus
    • Duvenhage lyssavirus
    • European bat lyssavirus
  • negative polarity, monostrand RNA virus
  • enveloped
  • 5 component proteins
    • N, P, M, G, L
    • G (glycoprotein) is ligand to cellular invasion
      • target of vaccine
    • human receptor: nAChR, NCAM, p75NTR - all developed only in nerve cells


responsible animals

  • domestic animal - dog, cat in Asia and Africa
  • wildlife - bat, fox, raccoon, coyote in Europe and Americas
  • Lyssavirus circulates within a same animal species
    • sometimes transmitted to other species - "spillover" phenomenon
  • can infect all warm-blooded animals

pathophysiology

  • retrograde fast axonal transport CNS 15-100mm/day
  • spread from CNS to peripheral nerve
  • incubation 4-13 weeks, occasionally up to 6 years
  • despite catastrophic clinical outcome, histopathological changes in CNS are quite mild
    • macroscopically unremarkable
    • microscopically minimal changes characterized by perivascular cuffing of mild degeneration of neuron, microglial activation

transmission route to human

  • 99.99% animal bites
  • aerosol inhalation
    • in cave where infected bats live
  • organ transplantation
  • unrecognized exposure
    • ingestion of infected dog meat
    • butchering of infected dog

symptoms

  1. prodromal symptoms 2-10 days
    1. itchy,
  2. acute neurological period 2-10 days
    1. furious rabies
      1. hydrophobia, aerophobia, hypersalivation, hallucination, high grade fever
    2. paralytic rabies - 20%
      1. urinary incontinence
    3. coma to death of 100%