Pathology of infectious diseases

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classification of cell

  • renewing cell
  • stabilized cell
    • proliferate only in a certain condition
  • static cell
    • never proliferate

specimens in pathology

  • paraffin fixation
    • 3-4 µm thin
  • cryostat
  • cytology
  • electron microscopy
    • 0.1 µm thin

preparation

  • fixation by formalin
    • formalin = 37% formaldehyde solution
  • delipidation by acetone
  • embedding in paraffin
  • cut by microtome

environmental consideration

  • recycle of acetone, xylene
  • neutralize formalin

cytology specimen

  • desquamatory cytology
  • scraping -
  • aspiration -
  • fine needle aspiration -
  • stamp -

fixation in cytology

  • Papanicololaou stain - wet fixation with ethanol
    • cells relatively keep their form and size
  • Giemsa stain - dry fixation with methanol
    • cells are elongated on slide and appeared size is multiplied in 3-4 times than wet fixation

staining

hematoxylin eosine

  • hematoxylin = blue = for DNA/RNA, nucleus
  • eosin = red = for proteins

pathology of infectious diseases

  • extracellular pathogens induce neutrophil-based immune reactions
  • intracellular pathogens induce macrophage-based cellular immunity

abscess and granuloma

  • abscess is defined as aggregation of neutrophils
  • granuloma is defined as aggregation of macrophage and/or T-cells

pathology in emerging infectious diseases

病草紙