Child health

why child health

• children and young people are still large proportion in whole population
• large disease burden in children
  • 60% of malaria deaths, 10% of TB cases
• children are very vulnerable not only to infectious diseases but also injuries of all causes
• neonate and other children groups are still neglected and lacking epidemiological data
• children are not little adults
• preterm birth, neonatal and childhood health affect long-term health and wealth in later adulthood
• children are future

children death

• 5.9 mil. < 5 y/o died in 2015
  • 16,000 children death everyday
  • most in sub-Sahara and SE Asia
• pneumonia, malaria, diarrhea, poverty...
• the top death cause < 5 y/o is pneumonia
• 47% of <5 y/o deaths are neonates

pneumonia

framework for pneumonia control

• WHO
  • protect
    • exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months
    • adequate nutrition
    • prevent LBW
      • smoking cessation, maternal health control, prevent of young marriages
    • reduce indoor air pollution
    • handwashing
  • prevent
    • vaccine - pertussis, pneumococcal and Hib
    • prevention of child HIV
    • cotrimoxazole prevention for HIV children
    • zinc supplementation for diarrheal children
  • treat
    • appropriate medical treatment

IMCI Integrated Management of Childhood Illness

Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI)

injury, accident, disability in LMICs

epidemiology of injuries

• 5 mil. deaths (in all ages) due to injuries per year
  • 9% of global mortality
  • more than three major IDs with 3 mil. deaths
  • injuries are neglected more than infectious diseases
• proportions of injuries-caused deaths in 2012
  • road traffic 24%
  • falls 14%
  • suicide 16%
• children deaths in HICs
  • <1 y/o suffocation is the major
  • 1-4 y/o traffic accident, drowning, fall
  • 5-9 y/o traffic accident, drowning, burn

suffocation

• overlay by other person
• entrapment (wedging)
• strangulation of neck
• choking
• confinement like in fridge or laundry machine