Cryptosporidiosis

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Cryptosporidium spp.

  • especially C. paravum, C. hominis

epidemiology

  • worldwide
  • 2nd important pathogen for moderate-severe diarrhea before 1 year of life

life cycle

  • calf is reservoir of C. hominis
  • resistant to chlorinated water
  • auto-infection in host intestine
  • survive >1 year in 4-6℃ cold water
  • vulnerable to dry environment
  • human excretes 100 mil. cysts per day
  • calf excretes 10 bil. cysts per day

morphology

  • oocyst contains 4 sporozoites

clinical features

  • incubation 1-12 days
  • symptoms 1-2 weeks
  • watery diarrhea
  • abd cramps
  • bloating
  • fever, malaise
  • weight loss
  • often self-limiting
  • problemable in children in developing countries, immunocompromised

diagnosis

  • fecal microscopy
    • Ziehl-Neelsen stain
    • Auramine stain

treatment

  • nitazoxianide
  • paromomycin
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