http://vaccipedia.jp/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E6%96%B0%E3%81%97%E3%81%84%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8&feed=atom&hideredirs=1&limit=50&offset=&namespace=0&username=&tagfilter=&size-mode=max&size=0Vaccipedia | Resources for Vaccines, Tropical medicine and Travel medicine - 新しいページ [ja]2024-03-28T19:39:39Z提供: Vaccipedia | Resources for Vaccines, Tropical medicine and Travel medicineMediaWiki 1.34.0http://vaccipedia.jp/Missing_data_and_imputationMissing data and imputation2023-12-10T04:46:58Z<p>Vaccipedia.admin: /* Three mechanisms (assumptions) of data missing */</p>
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<div>{{Floating Menu}}<br />
<br />
==Three mechanisms (assumptions) of data missing==<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="min-width:400px"<br />
|+Mechanisms (assumptions) of data missing<br />
|-<br />
!style="width:7em" rowspan="2"|<br />
!style="witdh:4em" rowspan="2"|Abbr.<br />
!colspan="2"|Missing depends on/<br>Missing occurs because of<br />
!rowspan="2"|[Example]<br>A cohort study in which participants self report their body weight every week via special app installed on their smartphones. Demographic variables are also collected.<br />
|-<br />
!style="width:7em"|missing (unobserved) value itself<br />
!style="width:7em"|other observed variable(s)<br />
|-<br />
!Missing not at random<br />
!MNAR<br />
|style="text-align:center"|<big>YES</big><br />
|style="text-align:center"|&mdash;<br />
|<br />
*Some participants '''intentionally denied to report higher body weights they didn't like''' and only reported lower body weights they accepted<br />
*Researchers have no information why they denied to report body weights in several weeks<br />
**Missing occurred '''because of the missing values themselves'''<br />
**Researchers cannot explain/predict the missing mechanism from other observed (reported) body weights or other variables<br />
|-<br />
!Missing at randam<br />
!MAR<br />
|style="text-align:center"|<big>NO</big><br />
|style="text-align:center"|<big>YES</big><br />
|<br />
*'''15% of female participants denied to report''' their body weights after participation '''regardless of measured body weights''', but only 1% of male denied to report<br />
*Researchers can identify that female participants more likely denied to report body weights than male<br />
**Missing occurred NOT because of body weights themselves but '''because of another variable ''sex'''''<br />
**Missing mechanism is at random, i.e., free from missing values only inside each participant, but NOT at random, i.e., NOT free from variable ''sex''<br />
|-<br />
!Missing completely at random<br />
!MCAR<br />
|style="text-align:center"|<big>NO</big><br />
|style="text-align:center"|<big>NO</big><br />
|<br />
*A participant '''moved to outside cohort area''' because of family affair and was lost to follow up<br />
*A participant '''failed to report body weights because of malfunction of the app'''<br />
**Missing occurred NOT because of body weights themselves NOR other variables<br />
**Missing mechanism is completely at random, i.e., completely free from both of missing (unobserved) values and observed values in body weight or in other variables<br />
|}</div>Vaccipedia.adminhttp://vaccipedia.jp/Respiratory_Syncytial_virusRespiratory Syncytial virus2023-11-08T17:19:41Z<p>Vaccipedia.admin: /* Epidemiology in Elderly */</p>
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<div>{{Floating_Menu}}<br />
<br />
==Epidemiology in Children==<br />
<br />
==Epidemiology in Elderly==<br />
*Prospective cohort in Japan<br />
*Followed 1,000 elderly ≥65y/o in community and nursing homes for 52 weeks in years of 2019 to 2020<br />
*RS virus associated acute respiratory disease was detected in 2.4%<br />
*RS virus associated lower respitaroty disease was detected in 0.8%<br />
{{quote|content=<br />
Kurai, D., Natori, M., Yamada, M., Zheng, R., Saito, Y., & Takahashi, H. (2022). Occurrence and disease burden of respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory pathogens in adults aged ≥65 years in community: A prospective cohort study in Japan. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, 16(2), 298–307. https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.12928<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Monoclonal antibody for Children==<br />
<br />
==Vaccine for Children (maternal immunization)==<br />
<br />
==Vaccine for Elderly==</div>Vaccipedia.adminhttp://vaccipedia.jp/Marginal_effectsMarginal effects2023-10-09T10:16:05Z<p>Vaccipedia.admin: /* What are marginal effects */</p>
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<div>{{Floating_Menu}}<br />
<br />
==What are marginal effects==<br />
*Easy explanation of what are marginal effects.<br />
{{quote|content=<br />
Heiss, A. (2022, May 20). Marginalia: A guide to figuring out what the heck marginal effects, marginal slopes, average marginal effects, marginal effects at the mean, and all these other marginal things are. https://doi.org/10.59350/40xaj-4e562<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
*Another instruction of partial effects.<br />
{{quote|content=<br />
Date, S. (n.d.). Understanding Partial Effects, Main Effects, And Interaction Effects In A Regression Model. Time Series Analysis, Regression, and Forecasting With Tutorials in Python. Retrieved October 9, 2023, from https://timeseriesreasoning.com/contents/partial-effect-main-effect-interaction-effect/<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
*On the internet only this page refers to difference between '''marginal effects''' and '''partial effects''' ''without citation'' as follows:<br />
**'''marginal effects''', i.e., the marginal contribution of each variable on the scale of the linear predictor<br />
**'''partial effects''', i.e., the contribution of each variable on the outcome scale, conditional on the other variables involved in the link function transformation of the linear predictor<br />
{{quote|content=<br />
An Introduction to ‘margins.’ (2021, January 21). https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/margins/vignettes/Introduction.html<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Marginal effects of ordinary categorical data==<br />
*How to interpret effects in modeling ordinary categorical data<br />
**In this article the authors refer to '''marginal effects''' as same with '''partical effects''' but also mention their possibility of leading misunderstanding<br />
{{quote|content=<br />
Agresti, A., & Tarantola, C. (2018). Simple ways to interpret effects in modeling ordinal categorical data. Statistica Neerlandica, 72(3), 210–223. https://doi.org/10.1111/stan.12130<br />
}}</div>Vaccipedia.adminhttp://vaccipedia.jp/Prediction_and_decisionPrediction and decision2023-10-09T09:58:47Z<p>Vaccipedia.admin: /* Skill scores of predictions */</p>
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<div>{{Floating_Menu}}<br />
<br />
==Peirce and the science of the method==<br />
*The historical article which Peirce first proposed 'the science of the method'.<br />
**Peirce's proposal was related to Finley's tornade forecasts which is discussed in the Stephenson's article in the next section.<br />
{{quote|content=<br />
Peirce, C. S. (1884). The Numerical Measure of the Success of Predictions. Science, ns-4(93), 453–454. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ns-4.93.453.b<br />
}}<br />
<br />
*A review of Peirce's 'the science of the method' and Youden's index which is the identical methodology to the Peirce's method.<br />
{{quote|content=<br />
Baker, S. G., & Kramer, B. S. (2007). Peirce, youden, and receiver operating characteristic curves. American Statistician, 61(4), 343–346. https://doi.org/10.1198/000313007X247643<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==Skill scores of predictions==<br />
*Investigation of '(forecast) skill scores', which measure accuracy or quality of different forecasting methods, from the view point of meterology.<br />
**Referring to Peirce skill score.<br />
{{quote|content=<br />
Stephenson, D. B. (2000). Use of the “Odds Ratio” for Diagnosing Forecast Skill. Weather and Forecasting, 15(2), 221–232. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0434(2000)015<0221:UOTORF>2.0.CO;2<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
*Another review of measures of forecast skills of meterological forecasts<br />
{{quote|content=<br />
山田真吾. (2004). 天気予報の価値をどう測るか. オペレーションズ・リサーチ, 49(5), 268–275. https://orsj.org/wp-content/or-archives50/pdf/bul/Vol.49_05_268.pdf<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Peirce as a logician==<br />
*Peirce was originally a logician and the article discusses about his 'methodology of science'<br />
{{quote|content=<br />
赤川元昭. (2011). パースと科学の方法. 流通科学大学論集-流通・経営編-, 23(2), 75–90.<br />
}}</div>Vaccipedia.adminhttp://vaccipedia.jp/General_issues_of_HelminthsGeneral issues of Helminths2023-09-21T08:28:00Z<p>Vaccipedia.admin: /* Classification of Hosts for helminths */</p>
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<div>{{Floating_Menu}}<br />
<br />
==Classification of Hosts for helminths==<br />
{|class="wikitable<br />
|-<br />
!<br />
!style="width:8em"|Obligatory to life cycle<br />
!style="width:8em"|Larvae maturing<br />
!style="width:8em"|Reproduction<br />
!style="width:8em"|Transmission to other hosts<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
!Definitive host<br />
|YES<br />
|YES<br />
|YES<br />
|YES<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
!Intermediate host<br />
|YES<br />
|YES<br />
|style="background-color:pink"|NO<br />
|YES<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
!Paratenic host<br />
|style="background-color:pink"|NO<br />
|style="background-color:pink"|NO<br />
|style="background-color:pink"|NO<br />
|YES<br />
|-style="text-align:center"<br />
!Accidental (deadend) host<br />
|style="background-color:pink"|NO<br />
|style="background-color:pink"|NO<br />
|style="background-color:pink"|NO<br />
|style="background-color:pink"|NO<br>dies in the host<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Medicine for helminths==<br />
<br />
{{quote<br />
|content=<br />
Mehta, P. N. (2013). Antimicrobials in Clinical Practice Drugs for intestinal helminths. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pid.2013.03.004<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{quote<br />
|content=<br />
Moser, W., Schindler, C., & Keiser, J. (2017). Efficacy of recommended drugs against soil transmitted helminths: Systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ (Online), 358. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j4307<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{quote<br />
|content=<br />
Abbas, A., & Newsholme, W. (2009). Diagnosis and recommended treatment of helminth infections. Prescriber, 20(6), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1002/psb.488<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="width:900px"<br />
|-<br />
!<br />
!style="width:30%|Nematode<br />
!style="width:30%|Trematode<br />
!style="width:30%|Cestode<br />
|-<br />
!Diethylcarbamazine<br>(DEC)<br />
|<br />
*[[Lymphatic filariasis]]<br />
*[[Loiasis|Loiasis when <8,000MF/mL]]<br />
*'''NEVER for [[Onchocerciasis]]''' and beware of co-infection<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Ivermectin<br />
|<br />
*[[Onchocerciasis]]<br />
**but Mazzotti 10% and encephalopathy<br />
*'''NEVER for [[Loiasis]]''' and beware of co-infection<br />
*[[Strongyloidiasis]]<br />
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]<br />
*[[Gnathostomiasis]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Albendazole<br />
|<br />
*[[Loiasis|Loiasis when >8,000MF/mL]]<br />
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]<br />
*[[Trichuriasis (whipworm)]]<br />
*[[Trichinellosis]]<br />
*[[Toxocariasis]]<br />
*[[Enterobiasis (pinworm)]]<br />
*[[Gnathostomiasis]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
*[[Echinococcosis]]<br />
|-<br />
!Piperazine<br />
|<br />
*[[Ascariasis]]<br />
*[[Enterobiasis (pinworm)]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Praziquantel<br />
|<br />
*[[Ascariasis]]<br />
|<br />
*[[Schistosomiasis|Adult of schistosoma]]<br />
*[[Clonorchiasis]]<br />
*[[Paragonimiasis]]<br />
|<br />
*[[Diphyllobothriasis]]<br />
*[[Taeniasis]]<br />
*[[Echinococcosis]]<br />
|-<br />
!Triclabendazole<br />
|<br />
|<br />
*[[Fasciolasis]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Doxycycline<br />
|<br />
*[[Lymphatic filariasis|Adult of lymphatic filariae for ''Wolbachia'']]<br />
*[[Onchocerciasis|Adult of onchocerca for ''Wolbachia'']]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Surgical/Mechanical removal<br />
|<br />
*[[Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm)]]<br />
*[[Anisakiasis]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
*[[Echinococcosis|PAIR for ''Echinococcus granulosus'']]<br />
*[[Echinococcosis|Surgery for ''Echinococcus multilocularis'']]<br />
|-<br />
!Spontaneous resolution/<br>No effective treatment<br />
|<br />
*[[Angiostrongyliasis (rat lungworm)]]<br />
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)|Cutaneous larva migrans by ancylostomiasis]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Treatment options of Lymphatic filariasis, Onchocerciasis and Loiasis==<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"<br />
|-<br />
!style="width:25%"| <br />
!style="width:25%"|[[Lymphatic filariasis]]<br />
!style="width:25%"|[[Onchocerciasis]]<br />
!style="width:25%"|[[Loiasis]] <br />
|-<br />
!Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)<br />
|style="background:aquamarine;"|1st line<br />
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''<br>possibly Mazzotti<br />
|style="background:aquamarine;"|<8,000 MF/mL<br />
|-<br />
!Ivermectin<br />
|<br />
|style="background:aquamarine;"|1st line<br>but Mazzotti 10%<br />
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''<br>possibly encephalopathy<br />
|-<br />
!Albendazole<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|style="background:aquamarine;"|>8,000 MF/mL<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"<br />
|-<br />
!style="width:25%"| <br />
!style="width:15%|[[Lymphatic filariasis]]<br />
!style="width:15%|LF & Oncho<br />
!style="width:15%|[[Onchocerciasis]]<br />
!style="width:15%|Oncho & Loiasis<br />
!style="width:15%|[[Loiasis]] <br />
|-<br />
!Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)<br />
|style="background:aquamarine;"|1st line<br />
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''<br />
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''<br />
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''<br />
|style="background:aquamarine;"|<8,000 MF/mL<br />
|-<br />
!Ivermectin<br />
|<br />
|rowspan="2" style="background:aquamarine;"|[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC293471/ Ivermectin + Albendazole<br>may be safe]<br />
|style="background:aquamarine;"|1st line<br>but Mazzotti 10%<br />
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''<br />
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''<br />
|-<br />
!Albendazole<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|may be an option<br />
|style="background:aquamarine;"|>8,000 MF/mL<br />
|-<br />
!Other option<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|Cytapheresis of oncho MF before DEC<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
※MF = '''m'''icro'''f'''ilariae</div>Vaccipedia.adminhttp://vaccipedia.jp/Chagas_diseaseChagas disease2023-09-21T08:20:52Z<p>Vaccipedia.admin: /* Treatment= */</p>
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<div>{{Floating_Menu}}<br />
<br />
*Named after Dr. Carlos Chagas, a Brazilian doctor who first described the disease in 1909<br />
<br />
==Pathogen==<br />
*''Trypanosoma cruzi''<br />
<br />
===Morphology===<br />
#amastigote<br />
#promastigote<br />
#epimastigote<br />
#trypomastigote<br />
::nucleus, kintoplast, undulating membrane, flagellum<br />
<br />
===Life cycle===<br />
*''T. brucei'' group don't infect human cells<br />
*''T. cruzi'' needs to infect human cells to multiply<br />
**Armadillo is natural reservoir<br />
<br />
==Transmission==<br />
===by ''Triatomine''===<br />
*Transmitted by oral ingestion or mucosal infestation of feces of ''Triatomine'', so-called 'kissing bugs'<br />
*''Triatomine''<br />
**Inhabits gaps on mud-built walls<br />
**Sucks human blood but no blood transmission occurs<br />
**Active during night<br />
<br />
===by Mother-to-child===<br />
<br />
<br />
==Epidemiology==<br />
*In 21 Latin American countries<br />
*700,000 new cases in 1990<br />
*38,000 new cases in 2010<br />
*Estimated 10,000 deaths/year by Chagas disease<br />
<br />
==Clinical course==<br />
*Acute phase<br />
**Mainly asymptomatic<br />
**local swelling at the site of inoculation (Chagoma)<br />
***Roma&ntilde;a sign<br />
**fever, anorexia, lymphadenopathy, mild hepatosplenomegaly, myocarditis<br />
**trypomastigote found in blood for 8-12 weeks after infection<br />
**children <5y/o fatal 10% in acute phase<br />
<br />
*Chronic phase<br />
**20-30% of infection<br />
**10-40 years after infection<br />
**cardiomegaly, arrhythmia, heart failure<br />
***trypomastigotes invade and destruct cardiac muscle cells<br />
***EKG shows typically right bundle branch block<br />
**dilation of esophagus, megacolon - dysphagia and constipation<br />
***trypomastigotes invade and destruct intestinal smooth muscle cells<br />
<br />
==Diagnosis==<br />
*blood smear, with blood centrifugation<br />
*molecular<br />
*serology<br />
**ELISA, IFA, IHA<br />
*clinical diagnosis<br />
<br />
==Treatment==<br />
*acute phase<br />
**nifurtimox<br />
**benznidazole (nitroimidazole)<br />
**both contraindicated for pregnant women, kidney failure, liver failure<br />
<br />
*chronic phase<br />
**no specific treatment targeted pathogens<br />
**supportive therapy for each organ dysfunction<br />
<br />
==prevention and control==<br />
*vector control<br />
**improvement of house constructions<br />
**insecticide<br />
*mass screening</div>Vaccipedia.adminhttp://vaccipedia.jp/African_trypanosomiasisAfrican trypanosomiasis2023-09-21T08:04:18Z<p>Vaccipedia.admin: /* Define the clinical stage of rhodesiense */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Floating_Menu}}<br />
<br />
==Pathogen==<br />
*''Trypanosoma brucei''<br />
**''Trypanosoma brucei gambiense''<br />
**''Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense''<br />
<br />
===Morphology===<br />
#amastigote<br />
#promastigote<br />
#epimastigote<br />
#trypomastigote<br />
::nucleus, kintoplast, undulating membrane, flagellum<br />
<br />
===Life cycle===<br />
*''T. brucei'' group don't infect human cells<br />
*''T. cruzi'' needs to infect human cells to multiply<br />
<br />
==Vector==<br />
*tsetse fly<br />
**genus ''Glossina''<br />
**adult 6-15 mm long<br />
<br />
==Epidemiology==<br />
*>70% of cases in recent 10 years are reported from DRC<br />
*10-100 new cases in a year in Angola, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo Republic, Gabon, Guinea, Malawi and South Sudan<br />
<br />
==African trypanosomiasis==<br />
<br />
*Sleeping sickness<br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="width:900px"<br />
|-<br />
!<br />
!style="width:30%"|''Trypanosoma brucei gambiense''<br />
!style="width:30%"|''Trypanosoma burcei rhodesiense''<br />
!style="width:30%"|''Trypanosoma brucei brucei''<br />
|-<br />
!Distribution<br />
|<br />
*West Africa<br />
**Broader area to the west of Great Rift Valley<br />
**In 24 countries<br />
|<br />
*East Africa<br />
**Limited to the east of Great Rift Valley<br />
**In 13 countries<br />
|<br />
*Trypanosomiasis of stock and wild animals<br />
**Called as "Nagana"<br />
|-<br />
!Vector<br />
|<br />
*''Glossina palpalis''<br />
*In humid environment<br />
**rivers and waterholes<br />
*Anthroponotic; human-to-human<br />
|<br />
*''Glossina morsitans''<br />
*In dryer environment<br />
**Savannah<br />
*Mainly bite animals<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Infectivity<br />
|<br />
*Mainly infect to human<br />
*Adapted to human, leading to relatively slow and mild disease progression<br />
|<br />
*Mainly infect to animals<br />
*Adapted to animals, leading to relatively rapid progress of disease<br />
|<br />
*<br />
|-<br />
!Human infection<br />
|<br />
*98% of total cases<br />
*Chronic infection<br />
*Incubation months to years<br />
|<br />
*2% of total cases<br />
*Acute infection<br />
*Incubation weeks to months<br />
|<br />
*No human case<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
#trypanosomal chancre after tsetse fly bite<br />
#acute hemolymphatic stage<br />
##fever, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly<br />
#chronic meningoencephalitic stage<br />
##headache, alteration of mental status, coma<br />
*more acute by ''T. brucei rhodesiense'', slower by ''T. brucei gambiense''<br />
<br />
==Diagnosis==<br />
*serology<br />
**card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis (CATT)<br />
**mass population screening<br />
**low sensitivity/specificity<br />
*molecular<br />
**PCR, LAMP<br />
*microscopy<br />
**chancre fluid, blood, lymph node aspirate, CSF<br />
***centrifugation and examination of buffy coat<br />
**wet praparation for motile trypanosoma<br />
**Giemsa stain (with fixed)<br />
<br />
===Define the clinical stage of ''T. b. rhodesiense''===<br />
*lumbar puncture<br />
**CSF WBC > 5 cell/mm<sup>3</sup> stage 2<br />
<br />
==Treatment==<br />
*should commence in earlier stage<br />
**difficult to treat in CNS involvement<br />
*acute stage<br />
**suramin > pentamidine<br />
**suramin side effects<br />
***90% urticaria<br />
***50% adrenal cortical damage<br />
***peripheral neuropathy - axonal or demyelinating<br />
***renal dysfunction<br />
*chronic stage<br />
**melarsoprol (Mel B)<br />
***only for ''T. b. rhodesiense''<br />
**eflornithine (DL-a-difluoromethilornithine; DFMO)<br />
***only for ''T. b. gambiense''<br />
**nifurtimox-eflornithine; NECT<br />
***only for ''T. b. gambiense''<br />
*both stage<br />
**fexinidazole<br />
***only for ''T. b. gambiense''<br />
***should be administered within 30 min. after solid meal</div>Vaccipedia.adminhttp://vaccipedia.jp/Additional_materials_of_immunologyAdditional materials of immunology2023-09-14T06:01:51Z<p>Vaccipedia.admin: ページの作成:「{{Floating_Menu}} ==Basics== {{quote |content=[https://www.nature.com/collections/dgebigjdid Nature Milestones in Antibodies] https://www.nature.com/collections/dgebigj…」</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Floating_Menu}}<br />
<br />
==Basics==<br />
{{quote<br />
|content=[https://www.nature.com/collections/dgebigjdid Nature Milestones in Antibodies]<br />
<br />
https://www.nature.com/collections/dgebigjdid<br />
}}<br />
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{{quote<br />
|content=[https://www.nature.com/collections/dggaajfhgg Nature Milestones in T cell]<br />
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https://www.nature.com/collections/dggaajfhgg<br />
}}</div>Vaccipedia.adminhttp://vaccipedia.jp/Additional_materials_of_vaccineAdditional materials of vaccine2023-09-14T05:55:08Z<p>Vaccipedia.admin: /* United Kingdom */</p>
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==Basics of vaccine==<br />
{{quote<br />
|content=[https://www.nature.com/collections/hcajdiajij Nature Milestones in Vaccines]<br />
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https://www.nature.com/collections/hcajdiajij<br />
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==National guidelines and related resources of immunizations==<br />
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===United States===<br />
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|content=[https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/recommendations.html CDC: Recommendations by Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices]<br />
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https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/recommendations.html<br />
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{{quote<br />
|content=[https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/index.html CDC: The Pinkbook]<br />
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https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/index.html<br />
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===United Kingdom===<br />
{{quote<br />
|content=[https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/immunisation GOV.UK: Immunisation]<br />
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https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/immunisation<br />
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{{quote<br />
|content=[https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/vaccine-update GOV.UK: Vaccine Update (newsletters)]<br />
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https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/vaccine-update<br />
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{{quote<br />
|content=[https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/immunisation-against-infectious-disease-the-green-book The Green Book]<br />
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https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/immunisation-against-infectious-disease-the-green-book<br />
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