Acarology

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classification and morphology

  • acari
    • tick > 1mm
      • hard ticks Ixodidae
      • soft ticks Argasidae
      • Nuttalliellidae
    • mite < 1mm
      • scrub typhus mite, Chigger mite Trombiculidae
      • scabies mite Sarcoptidae
      • house dust mite Pyroglyphidae


  • only 1 body part
    • front end part is not head, but mouth
  • adult 8 legs, larvae 6 legs
  • breathe through body surface
    • stigmata (respiratory hole)
      • prostigmata
      • astigmata
      • mesostigmata
      • metastigmata
    • whole surface by diffusion
      • tick living in 400m depth of seawater

tick

  • eyes are on frontal edge near the roots of the first pair of legs
  • scutum (hard shell)
    • covers whole back of male
    • covers only frontal part of female by which female can pool mammal blood
  • parity
    • hard tick is semelparity (single oviposition)
    • soft tick is iteroparity (multiple ovopositions)
  • tick live years, mostly 2-3 years, at longest 7 years
  • transstadial transmission of rickettsia, bacteria or virus

environmental tick control

  • alternate environment to destroy ticks' habitat
    • clean up ground cover

chigger mite

  • 0.15 - 0.3 mm
  • transovarial transmission of Orientia tsutsugamushi
  • "co-feeding" multiple chigger mites aggregate on skin of mammals

scabies mite