差分

'''Classify Classification of major Gram-Positive cocci'''|content=<table border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse"><tr bgcolor="lightgray"><th rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgray">Catalase Positive<br>in tubes</th><th colspan="3">Coagulase Positive<br>in tubes</th><th colspan="3">Coagulase Negative<br>in tubes</th></tr> <tr><td colspan="3">*''Staphylococcus aureus''</td><td colspan="3">*''Staphylococcus epidermidis''*''Staphylococcus saprophyticus''</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="lightgray"><th rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgray">Catalase Negative<br>in tubes</th><th colspan="2">&alpha; hemolytic<br>(partial hemolysis)<br>on media</th><th colspan="2">&beta; hemolytic<br>(complete hemolysis)<br>on media</th><th colspan="2">&gamma; hemolytic<br>(no hemolysis)<br>on media</th></tr></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">*''Streptococcus pneumoniae''*''Streptococcus suis''*viridans ''Streptococcus''</td><td colspan="2">*Group A (beta) streptococci (''Streptococcus pyogenes'')*Group B (beta) streptococci (''Streptococcus agalactae'')*Group C (beta) streptococci*Group G (beta) streptococci</td><td colspan="2">*''Streptococcus bovis''*''Enterococcus faecium''*''Enterococcus faecalis''</td></tr></table>}} {{collapse|title='''Classification of major Gram-Positive bacilli'''

There are so many species of gram<table border="1" style="border-positive cocci.collapse:collapse">*Catalase positive in tubes<tr bgcolor="lightgray"><th></th><th>Spore forming</th><th>Non-spore forming</th></tr>**''Staphylococcus'' spp.***Coagulase positive in tubes<tr>****''Staphylococcus aureus''<th bgcolor="lightgray">Aerobic</th>***Coagulase negative in tubes<td>****''Staphylococcus epidermidisBacillus anthracis''****''Staphylococcus saprophyticusBacillus cereus''*Catalase negative in tubes</td><td>**''StreptococcusCorynebacterium diphtheria'' spp.***Alpha-hemolytic (partial hemolysis with green color)</td></tr>****''Streptococcus pneumoniae''****''Streptococcus suis''<tr>****viridans ''Streptococcus''<th bgcolor="lightgray">Anaerobic</th>***Beta-hemolytic (complete hemolysis)<td>****Group A (beta) streptococci (''Streptococcus pyogenesClostridium tetani'')****Group B (beta) streptococci (''Streptococcus agalactaeClostridium perfringens'')****Group C (beta) streptococci</td>****Group G (beta) streptococci<td>***Gamma-hemolytic (no hemolysis)****''Streptococcus bovisListeria monocytogenes''****''Enterococcus faecium''</td></tr>****''Enterococcus faecalis''</table>

'''Classify Classification of major Gram-Positive bacilliNegative cocci'''

Smaller number <table border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse"><tr></tr> <tr></tr> <tr></tr> </table> }} {{collapse|title='''Classification of bacilli show grammajor Gram-positiveNegative bacili'''|content=<table border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse"><tr><th bgcolor="lightgray">Lactose fermenting</th><td>*''Escherichia coli''*''Klebsiella pneumoniae''</td></tr> <tr><th bgcolor="lightgray">Non-lactose fermenting</th><td>*''Shigella'' spp.*Spore forming''Salmonella'' spp.*''Yersinia pestis''</td></tr> <tr><th bgcolor="lightgray">Non-fermenting</th><td>*''Pseudomonas aeruginosa''*''Burkholderia pseudomallei''</td></tr> </table>}} {{collapse|title='''Essential knowledge of Tuberculosis'''|content=*Bacterial structure different from other major bacteria**Too thick lipid-rich cell wall; acid fast*Epidemiology and disease burden*AerobicThree species causing clinical tuberculosis**''Mycobacterium tuberculosis''**''Bacillus anthracisM. bovis''**''M. africanum'' (only in Africa)*Airborne transmission**No contact/fomite transmission**Contaminated milk ingestion may cause food-borne tuberculosis by ''M. bovis'' (''bovis''means cow)*Three major Symptoms**Cough for weeks**Weight loss for weeks**Night sweats for weeks*Diagnostic methods**sputum microscopy (Ziel-Nielsen staining)**genome detection by GeneXpert (also detects resistance)**culture (6-8 weeks)**chest X-ray**urine LAM assay**Mantoux test and IGRA for latent infection*Potential of long-term (months, years to decades) infection**Human immune system cannot eliminate established infection but only contains (just to 'hide'Bacillus cereus''Mycobacterium'')*HIV-Tb co-infection is soooooo major public health problem*Treatment**Anaerobic6 months (2 intensive + 4 maintenance)*Definition of drug resistance**MDR**XDR}} ==Protozoa=={{collapse|title='''How protozoa differ from bacteria'Clostridium tetani''|content=}} {{collapse|title='''Classification of major protozoa in terms of reproduction manners and infecting organs/cells'''|content=-> [[Overview_of_protozoa]]}} {{collapse|title='''Essential knowledge of malaria'''|content=*Epidemiology and disease burden of malaria worldwide**Especially of ''Plasmodium falciparum''*Essential lifecycle#Mosquito stage#Human liver stage#Human red cell stage*Only ''P. vivax'' and ''P. ovale'' have hypnotic stage in liver cause '''relapse'Clostridium perfringens''*Non-spore forming*All species cause '''recrudescence''' due to inadequate/improper treatment*Fever, Anemia, Splenomegaly*AerobicCerebral malaria almost only by ''P. falciparum'', which leads to high mortality*Diagnosis made by Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) and Blood smear microscopy (Giemsa staining)**Blood smear includes thick smear (just to detect ''Plasmodium'') and thin smear (confirm species of ''Plasmodium'' and degree of parasitemia as disease severity)}} ==Parasite=={{collapse|title='''Major classification of parasites'Corynebacterium diphtheria''|content=*Helminth**Nematode (round worm)**AnaerobicTrematode (fluke, distoma)**Cestode (tape worm)*Ectoparasite}} ==Zoonosis=={{collapse|title='''Definition of Zoonosis'Listeria monocytogenes''|content=}} {{collapse|title='''List of major zoonoses and their host animals'''|content=<table border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse"><tr bgcolor="lightgray"><th></th><th>Disease</th><th>Pathogen</th><th>Host animals</th></tr> <tr><th rowspan="4" bgcolor="lightgray">Virus</th><td>Ebola virus disease</td><td>Ebolavirus</td><td>Fruit bat</td></tr> <tr><td>Marburg disease</td><td>Marburg virus</td><td>Fruit bat</td></tr> <tr><td>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)</td><td>MERS coronavirus</td><td>Camel <- Bat?</td></tr> <tr><td>Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS)</td><td>SFTS virus</td><td>Deer, wild bores</td></tr> <tr><th bgcolor="lightgray">Bacteria</th><td>Anthrax</th><td>''Bacillus anthracis''</td><td>Herbivore (cattle, sheep, goat)</table>