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→Zoonosis
**Lower respiratory infections
**Diarrhea
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==Virus==
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'''Two major classification manners of viruses'''
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*RNA virus vs DNA virus
*Enveloped virus vs Non-enveloped virus
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'''Diagnostic methods of virus infection'''
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*Detection of pathogen
**Genome detection by PCR and other NAATs (nucleic acid amplification tests)
**Antigen detection by ELISA and immunochromatography, etc.
**Virus isolation using human/animal cells
*Detection of antibody
**IgM or IgG by ELISA and immunochromatography, etc.
**Neutralizing antibody using human/animal cells
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{{collapse
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'''Definition of arboviruses'''
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'''Classification of major arboviruses and their major vectors'''
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'''Warning signs of severe dengue'''
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'''List of Vaccine-preventable arbovirus infections'''
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{{collapse
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'''Essential knowledge of HIV'''
|content=
[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1N5GBSimejHLEk9We-fEC240mgjuT5-PC/view?usp=share_link Watch our Group 4 video and pick up information described in blue letters!]
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{{collapse
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'''Classify Classification of major Gram-Positive cocci'''
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<table border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse">
{{collapse
|title=
'''Classify Classification of major Gram-Positive bacilli'''
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<table border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
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{{collapse
|title=
'''Classification of major Gram-Negative cocci'''
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<table border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse">
<tr>
</tr>
<tr>
</tr>
<tr>
</tr>
</table>
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{{collapse
|title=
'''Classification of major Gram-Negative bacili'''
|content=
<table border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse">
<tr>
<th bgcolor="lightgray">Lactose fermenting</th>
<td>
*''Escherichia coli''
*''Klebsiella pneumoniae''
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="lightgray">Non-lactose fermenting</th>
<td>
*''Shigella'' spp.
*''Salmonella'' spp.
*''Yersinia pestis''
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="lightgray">Non-fermenting</th>
<td>
*''Pseudomonas aeruginosa''
*''Burkholderia pseudomallei''
</td>
</tr>
</table>
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'''Essential knowledge of Tuberculosis'''
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*Bacterial structure different from other major bacteria
**Too thick lipid-rich cell wall; acid fast
*Epidemiology and disease burden
*Three species causing clinical tuberculosis
**''Mycobacterium tuberculosis''
**''M. bovis''
**''M. africanum'' (only in Africa)
*Airborne transmission
**No contact/fomite transmission
**Contaminated milk ingestion may cause food-borne tuberculosis by ''M. bovis'' (''bovis'' means cow)
*Three major Symptoms
**Cough for weeks
**Weight loss for weeks
**Night sweats for weeks
*Diagnostic methods
**sputum microscopy (Ziel-Nielsen staining)
**genome detection by GeneXpert (also detects resistance)
**culture (6-8 weeks)
**chest X-ray
**urine LAM assay
**Mantoux test and IGRA for latent infection
*Potential of long-term (months, years to decades) infection
**Human immune system cannot eliminate established infection but only contains (just to 'hide' ''Mycobacterium'')
*HIV-Tb co-infection is soooooo major public health problem
*Treatment
**6 months (2 intensive + 4 maintenance)
*Definition of drug resistance
**MDR
**XDR
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==Protozoa==
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|title=
'''How protozoa differ from bacteria'''
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{{collapse
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'''Classification of major protozoa in terms of reproduction manners and infecting organs/cells'''
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-> [[Overview_of_protozoa]]
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{{collapse
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'''Essential knowledge of malaria'''
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*Epidemiology and disease burden of malaria worldwide
**Especially of ''Plasmodium falciparum''
*Essential lifecycle
#Mosquito stage
#Human liver stage
#Human red cell stage
*Only ''P. vivax'' and ''P. ovale'' have hypnotic stage in liver cause '''relapse'''
**All species cause '''recrudescence''' due to inadequate/improper treatment
*Fever, Anemia, Splenomegaly
*Cerebral malaria almost only by ''P. falciparum'', which leads to high mortality
*Diagnosis made by Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) and Blood smear microscopy (Giemsa staining)
**Blood smear includes thick smear (just to detect ''Plasmodium'') and thin smear (confirm species of ''Plasmodium'' and degree of parasitemia as disease severity)
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==Parasite==
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'''Major classification of parasites'''
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*Helminth
**Nematode (round worm)
**Trematode (fluke, distoma)
**Cestode (tape worm)
*Ectoparasite
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==Zoonosis==
{{collapse
|title=
'''Definition of Zoonosis'''
|content=
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{{collapse
|title=
'''List of major zoonoses and their host animals'''
|content=
<table border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse">
<tr bgcolor="lightgray">
<th></th>
<th>Disease</th>
<th>Pathogen</th>
<th>Host animals</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="4" bgcolor="lightgray">Virus</th>
<td>Ebola virus disease</td>
<td>Ebolavirus</td>
<td>Fruit bat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Marburg disease</td>
<td>Marburg virus</td>
<td>Fruit bat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)</td>
<td>MERS coronavirus</td>
<td>Camel <- Bat?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS)</td>
<td>SFTS virus</td>
<td>Deer, wild bores</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="lightgray">Bacteria</th>
<td>Anthrax</th>
<td>''Bacillus anthracis''</td>
<td>Herbivore (cattle, sheep, goat)
</table>
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