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{{collapse
|title=
'''Essential knowledge of Tuberculosis'''
|content=
*Bacterial structure different from other major bacteria
**Too thick lipid-rich cell wall; acid fast
*Epidemiology and disease burden
*Three species causing clinical tuberculosis
**''Mycobacterium tuberculosis''
**''M. bovis''
**''M. africanum'' (only in Africa)
*Airborne transmission
**No contact/fomite transmission
**Contaminated milk ingestion may cause food-borne tuberculosis by ''M. bovis'' (''bovis'' means cow)
*Three major Symptoms
**Cough for weeks
**Weight loss for weeks
**Night sweats for weeks
*Diagnostic methods
**sputum microscopy (Ziel-Nielsen staining)
**genome detection by GeneXpert (also detects resistance)
**culture (6-8 weeks)
**chest X-ray
**urine LAM assay
**Mantoux test and IGRA for latent infection
*Potential of long-term (months, years to decades) infection
**Human immune system cannot eliminate established infection but only contains (just to 'hide' ''Mycobacterium'')
*HIV-Tb co-infection is soooooo major public health problem
*Treatment
**6 months (2 intensive + 4 maintenance)
*Definition of drug resistance
**MDR
**XDR
}}
*Diagnosis made by Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) and Blood smear microscopy (Giemsa staining)
**Blood smear includes thick smear (just to detect ''Plasmodium'') and thin smear (confirm species of ''Plasmodium'' and degree of parasitemia as disease severity)
}}
==Parasite==
{{collapse
|title=
'''Major classification of parasites'''
|content=
*Helminth
**Nematode (round worm)
**Trematode (fluke, distoma)
**Cestode (tape worm)
*Ectoparasite
}}
==Zoonosis==
{{collapse
|title=
'''Definition of Zoonosis'''
|content=
}}
{{collapse
|title=
'''List of major zoonoses and their host animals'''
|content=
<table border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse">
<tr bgcolor="lightgray">
<th></th>
<th>Disease</th>
<th>Pathogen</th>
<th>Host animals</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="4" bgcolor="lightgray">Virus</th>
<td>Ebola virus disease</td>
<td>Ebolavirus</td>
<td>Fruit bat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Marburg disease</td>
<td>Marburg virus</td>
<td>Fruit bat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)</td>
<td>MERS coronavirus</td>
<td>Camel <- Bat?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS)</td>
<td>SFTS virus</td>
<td>Deer, wild bores</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="lightgray">Bacteria</th>
<td>Anthrax</th>
<td>''Bacillus anthracis''</td>
<td>Herbivore (cattle, sheep, goat)
</table>
}}
