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*kinetoplast
*similar to ''Trypanosoma''
==epidemiology==
*700,000 - 1 mil. new cases per year
20,000-30,000 deaths per year
==life cycle==
*parasitize in human macrophage
*promastigote - 10-25 μm
**with flagellum
**phagocytized by macrophage
*amastigote - 2-4 μm
**transform from promastigote and propagate inside macrophage
**transform to promastigote inside sandfly midgut
*simpler than ''Trypanosoma''
*vector: sandfly
*host: human, dog, rodent
==clinical manifestation==
===visceral leishmania===
*most serious
*same as Kala-azar
**Latin "black fever"
*fever
*weight loss
*hepatosplenomegaly
*anemia
*50,000-90,000 new cases per year
**India, Ethiopia, South Sudan, Brazil
*''L. donovani''
**India, Africa
*''L. infantum'' (formerly ''L. chagasi'' was thought separated species)
**Mediterranean, China, South America
===cutaneous leishmania===
*most common
===mucocutaneous leishmania===
