「Leishmaniasis」の版間の差分
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| 5行目: | 5行目: | ||
==morphology== | ==morphology== | ||
*single flagellum | *single flagellum | ||
| − | *kinetoplast | + | *kinetoplast - aggregation of DNA |
*similar to ''Trypanosoma'' | *similar to ''Trypanosoma'' | ||
| 52行目: | 52行目: | ||
===cutaneous leishmania=== | ===cutaneous leishmania=== | ||
*most common | *most common | ||
| − | *same as Oriental sore | + | *same as Oriental sore, Chiclero ulcer (in Latin America) |
*papule, nodule → ulcer → scar | *papule, nodule → ulcer → scar | ||
| + | *basically self-limited | ||
*rarely diffuce or disseminated | *rarely diffuce or disseminated | ||
*600,000-1 mil. new cases per year | *600,000-1 mil. new cases per year | ||
| 59行目: | 60行目: | ||
**imported in Texas, US in 2015 | **imported in Texas, US in 2015 | ||
*''L. tropica'', ''L. mexicana'', ''L. amazonensis'' and other species >20 | *''L. tropica'', ''L. mexicana'', ''L. amazonensis'' and other species >20 | ||
| + | *''Rhombomys opimus'' (great gerbil) is primary reservoir | ||
| + | |||
| + | *cutaneous leishmaniasis by ''L. donovani'' is reported in Sri Lanka | ||
===mucocutaneous leishmania=== | ===mucocutaneous leishmania=== | ||
| + | *same as Espundia, white leprosy | ||
| + | *lyphatic or hematogenous dissemination to mucosa in mouth and/or upper respiratory tract, resulted in destruction and deformity of nose, palate, pharynx | ||
| + | *''L. braziliensis'', ''L. panamensis'' | ||
| + | *Bolivia, Brazil, Peru | ||
| + | *progressive ever without treatment | ||
| + | *secondary bacterial infection | ||
==emerging novel leishmaniasis== | ==emerging novel leishmaniasis== | ||
*in Thailand | *in Thailand | ||
*''L. siamensis'', ''L. martiniquensis'' | *''L. siamensis'', ''L. martiniquensis'' | ||
2021年4月22日 (木) 17:24時点における版
目次
taxonomy
- phylum Sarcomastigophorea, class Zoomastigophorea, genus Leishmania
- Plasmodium belongs to phylum Apicomplexa
morphology
- single flagellum
- kinetoplast - aggregation of DNA
- similar to Trypanosoma
epidemiology
- 700,000 - 1 mil. new cases per year
20,000-30,000 deaths per year
life cycle
- parasitize in human macrophage
- promastigote - 10-25 μm
- with flagellum
- phagocytized by macrophage
- amastigote - 2-4 μm
- transform from promastigote and propagate inside macrophage
- transform to promastigote inside sandfly midgut
- simpler than Trypanosoma
- vector: sandfly
- host: human, dog, rodent
clinical manifestation
visceral leishmania
- most serious
- same as Kala-azar
- Latin "black fever"
- fever
- weight loss
- hepatosplenomegaly
- anemia
- 50,000-90,000 new cases per year
- mainly children affected
- India, Ethiopia, South Sudan, Brazil
- L. donovani
- India, Africa
- anthroponotic = maintained in human-to-human infection
- L. infantum (formerly L. chagasi was thought separated species)
- Mediterranean, China, South America
- dog is reservoir
post kala-azar dermal leishmanisis (PKDL)
- skin manifestation after completion of Tx of visceral leishmaniasis
- macular type, papular type, nodular type
- Leishmania may be detected from skin specimen in some cases
- possible reservoir
cutaneous leishmania
- most common
- same as Oriental sore, Chiclero ulcer (in Latin America)
- papule, nodule → ulcer → scar
- basically self-limited
- rarely diffuce or disseminated
- 600,000-1 mil. new cases per year
- Afghanistan, Algeria, Brazil, Colombia, Iran, Syria
- imported in Texas, US in 2015
- L. tropica, L. mexicana, L. amazonensis and other species >20
- Rhombomys opimus (great gerbil) is primary reservoir
- cutaneous leishmaniasis by L. donovani is reported in Sri Lanka
mucocutaneous leishmania
- same as Espundia, white leprosy
- lyphatic or hematogenous dissemination to mucosa in mouth and/or upper respiratory tract, resulted in destruction and deformity of nose, palate, pharynx
- L. braziliensis, L. panamensis
- Bolivia, Brazil, Peru
- progressive ever without treatment
- secondary bacterial infection
emerging novel leishmaniasis
- in Thailand
- L. siamensis, L. martiniquensis
