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==definition==
*IDs vertical program ⇔ NCDs horizontal program
***fall
***poisoning
==cancer and palliative care==
*cancer 2nd deaths worldwide
*9.6 mil. deaths in 2018
**1 in 6 deaths
*incidence in both sexes
**1 lung, 2 breast, 3 colon, 4 prostate
*mortality in both sexes
**1 lung, 2 colon, 3 stomach, 4 liver
*only 26% of LMICs have pathology service available
*only 20% of LMICs have cancer data
*1/3 of death by cancer are potentially preventable
**obesity reduction
**smoking cessation
**alcohol reduction
**infection control for HPV, HepB, HepC, ''H. pyroli''
**occupational exposures to environmental carcinogenic agents
===HPV===
*90% of HPV infection spontaneously regress within 24 months
*risk factors of infection
**early sexual activity
**young age at first birth
**multiple pregnancies
**multiple
*risk factors of cervical cancers
**HPV type
**immune status
**coinfections with other STIs including HIV
**multiparity and young age at first birth
**tobacco
**OC > 5 years, but it is confounding with sexual activity
