「Polio」の版間の差分

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*cVDPV3 is not identified so far
 
*cVDPV3 is not identified so far
  
 
+
*VDPV is relatively physically stable in environment but cannot keep infectivity not for long time, thus continuous detection of VDPV in enviromnent means continuous transmission and/or excretion of VDPV from people living in the community
*duration of activity in environment/sewage - seeding period of years means duration of activity of each virus or continuous producing of VDPV due to OPV
+
*distribution of breech (disinfectant) and/or irradication ultraviolet light may be effective against PV/VDPV
*how to keep activity in environment/sewage - can the virus propagate in some cells in sewage
+
*threshold of immunization coverage to maintain PV/VDPV free is 85-90%
*any intervention directly to sewage where VDPV has been found, like disinfectant
 
*where the sabin virus obtains mutation to VDPV
 
*threshold of immunization coverage to maintain VDPV free
 
  
 
==Global Polio Eradication
 
==Global Polio Eradication

2021年4月21日 (水) 12:07時点における版

poliovirus

  • family Picornaviridae, genus Enterovirus
    • Human enterovirus A, B, C, D
      • PV belongs to HEV-C
      • EV71 belongs to HEV-A
      • EV68 (EV-D68) belongs to HEV-D
  • non-enveloped single stranded positive sense RNA virus
    • 4 capsid proteins
  • 3 serotypes
    • wPV2 already eradicated in 2015
    • wPV3 was declared to be eradicated in 17 October 2019 by WHO
    • wPV1 is still circulating in Pakistan and Afghanistan
  • African region was certified as wild polio-free in 2020 by WHO

VDPV

  • cVDPV1 and cVDPV2 are endemic in Africa and Southeast Asia as well as in Pakistan and Afghanistan
    • in recent 12 months no local transmission in Southeast Asia
  • cVDPV3 is not identified so far
  • VDPV is relatively physically stable in environment but cannot keep infectivity not for long time, thus continuous detection of VDPV in enviromnent means continuous transmission and/or excretion of VDPV from people living in the community
  • distribution of breech (disinfectant) and/or irradication ultraviolet light may be effective against PV/VDPV
  • threshold of immunization coverage to maintain PV/VDPV free is 85-90%

==Global Polio Eradication

  • strategies
    • extensive immunization with OPV or IPV
    • surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis
    • lab diagnosis
  • AFP cases and true poliovirus infection overlap very little
    • ⇔Variola cases and true smallpox infection overlapped almost identically


  • novel OPV2
    • using genetically modified stain
    • more stabilized genomically

clinical

  • mostly asymptomatic
  • many mild manifestation
  • polio paralytic cases 79% by wPV1, 8% by wPV2, 13% by wPV3 in 2010