Polio

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2021年4月21日 (水) 11:14時点におけるVaccipedia.admin (トーク | 投稿記録)による版
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poliovirus

  • family Picornaviridae, genus Enterovirus
    • Human enterovirus A, B, C, D
      • PV belongs to HEV-C
      • EV71 belongs to HEV-A
      • EV68 (EV-D68) belongs to HEV-D
  • non-enveloped single stranded positive sense RNA virus
    • 4 capsid proteins
  • 3 serotypes
    • wPV2 already eradicated in 2015
    • wPV3 was declared to be eradicated in 17 October 2019 by WHO
    • wPV1 is still circulating in Pakistan and Afghanistan
  • African region was certified as wild polio-free in 2020 by WHO

VDPV

  • cVDPV1 and cVDPV2 are endemic in Africa and Southeast Asia as well as in Pakistan and Afghanistan
    • in recent 12 months no local transmission in Southeast Asia
  • cVDPV3 is not identified so far

==Global Polio Eradication

  • strategies
    • extensive immunization with OPV or IPV
    • surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis
    • lab diagnosis
  • AFP cases and true poliovirus infection overlap very little
    • ⇔Variola cases and true smallpox infection overlapped almost identically


clinical

  • mostly asymptomatic
  • many mild manifestation
  • polio paralytic cases 79% by wPV1, 8% by wPV2, 13% by wPV3 in 2010