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==Life cycle and Transmission==*Life cycle is maintained amongst host mammals and birds.**Pigs and rats (domestic cycle) or wild bores, wild bears, polar bears, rats and birds (sylvatic cycle).*Humans are *Refer to [https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/trichinellosis/index.html DPDx - Trichinellosis - US CDC][https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/trichinellosis/modules/Trichinella_LifeCycle.gif] *Transmission to human occurs by ingestion of raw or undercooked meat including pigs, wild bores, horse, dog, bear, badger and soft-shelled turtle (スッポン). {{quote|content=Rostami, A., Gamble, H. R., Dupouy-Camet, J., Khazan, H., & Bruschi, F. (2017). Meat sources of infection for outbreaks of human trichinellosis. Food Microbiology, 64, 65–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2016.12.012}} *The world-first report of trichinellosis originated from soft-shelled turtle was published in Japan (but only in Japanese and neglected from English literature). {{quote|content=前田卓哉, 藤井毅, 岩本愛吉, 長野功, 呉志良, & 高橋優三. (2009). スッポンを感染源とする旋毛虫症例. 病原微生物検出情報, 30(10), 272–273. https://idsc.niid.go.jp/iasr/30/356/kj3563.html}}
==Life cycle and human disease==
