Tuberculosis

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2021年4月13日 (火) 17:04時点におけるVaccipedia.admin (トーク | 投稿記録)による版 (→‎Transmission)
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History

  • Died from or infected by Tb
    • John Keats (poet)
    • George O'well
    • Nelson Mandella
  • Hippocrates description
    • Phthisis (to waste away, consumption)
  • Robert Koch found the bacteria 1882

Epidemiology

est. case est. death all form 10mil 1.4mil HIV-ass 0.9 mil 208,000 MDR-Tb ≈558,000 ≈190,000

  • 8 countries account for 2/3 of all worldwide Tb
  1. India
  2. China
  3. Indonesia
  4. the Phillippines
  5. Pakistan
  6. Nigeria
  7. Bangladesh
  8. South Africa

Transmission

  • transmission-influencing factors
    • sputum status of index case
    • proximity - distance between each other
    • time
  • susceptibility of person
  • [math]\displaystyle{ R_0 \approx r \times c \times d }[/math]
    • [math]\displaystyle{ r }[/math] = transmissibility
      • to reduce [math]\displaystyle{ r }[/math]
        • ealier detection
        • rapid commencing of treatment
        • reduce aerolization (surgical masks on patients)
          • surgical masks on patients reduce infectivity by 56%
    • [math]\displaystyle{ c }[/math] = susceptibility of contacts
      • to reduce [math]\displaystyle{ c }[/math]
        • open windows
          • Tb airborne transmission risk: windows closed 97%, negative pressure room (ACH12) 39%, windows and doors fully open 33%
        • N95 respirator
        • ARTs for HIV patients
    • [math]\displaystyle{ d }[/math] = duration of infectivity
      • to reduce [math]\displaystyle{ d }[/math]