Viral hepatitis

hepatitis virus

• viral hepatitis is 4th major infectious disease worldwide
• virus hepatitis is still increasing year by year
• >250 mil. people living with viral hepatitis
• hep B highly prevalent sub-Saharan children <5y/o
• virus hepatitis has added to one of SDGs in 2016

hep A

• food-borne, water-borne
• infection route in Japan
  • mainly by raw oyster in HIV-negative
  • mainly MSM in HIV-positive

hep E

• water-borne, contaminated meat-borne
  • incompletely cooked deer meat, pig intestine or liver
• non-enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus
• endemic in East to Southeast Asia
• genotype 4 is strongly associated to fluminant hepatitis
• hep E vaccine has already established in China

hep B

• family Hepadonavirus
• transmission route
  • vertical
  • horizontal
    • sexually transmitted
    • sharing needles

epidemiology

• • 240 mil. hep B carriers worldwide
  • 0.5 mil. death per year
• highly infectious; 10 virus copies are enough to infection

genotypes

• genotypes B and C prevalent in Asia
• A in Europe

acute hep B

• genotype A is increasing in Japan
  • 10% of genotype A carrier develope chronic carrier
• 6.3% of hep B carrier are co-infected by hep C