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→Onchocerca volvulus
|latin=genus ''Simulium''
|organ=midgut
|inward=blood-feeding of human
|reproduction=asexual
|course=
microfilariae has '''no sheath'''
<ol>
<li>migrate to thoracic muscle
<li>metamorphoses L1→L2→L3 in thoracic muscle
<li>L3 migrate to proboscis
</ol>
|detection=
|outward=blood-feeding of human
}}
*220-360 µm
*2 years
*mainly '''skin, connective tissue''', sometimes lymphatics, blood, urine, sputum*allergy and inflammation resulting in serious '''skin pruritis (leopard skin, anterior tibia)''' and '''keratitis (river blindeness)'''|detection=<ul>*'''skin snipping'''**'''no nocturnality''', every time in a day available*microfilariae has no sheath</ul>|outward=blood-feeding by female blackfly
}}
{{quote|content=[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC100248/ Hall LR, Pearlman E. Pathogenesis of onchocercal keratitis (river blindness). Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999;12(3):445-453. doi:10.1128/cmr.12.3.445]}}
==診断==
