Overview of protozoa

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Definition

Protozoa is motile
unicellular and eukaryote.

	feature	intestine (cyst or oocyst)	blood, RBC	tissue
Amoeba アメーバ	amoeboid motility asexual reproduction (binary fission) infected by cyst	Entamoeba histolytica		free living amoeba Naegleria fowleri
Flagellata 鞭毛虫	flagellar motility asexual reproduction (binary fission) infected by cyst	Giardia intestinalis	Trypanosoma brucei gambiense/rhodesiense	Trypanosoma cruzi Leishmania spp. Trichomonas vaginalis
Apicomplexa アピコンプレクサ門	gliding motility asexual and sexual reproduction infected by oocyst	Cryptosporidium spp. Isospora belli Cyclospora cayetanensis	Plasmodium spp.	Toxoplasma gondii

• Plasmodium spp. とCryptosporidium spp.の生活環は似ている
  • oocystの中にsporozoiteが含まれている
    • "oo" means egg
  • ただしCはoocystで伝播するがPはoocystによる伝播ではない

Reproduction of protozoa

asexual (fission)	sexual (zygote)	both of asexual and sexual
Intestinal amoeba Giardia Trypanosoma Leishmania	Plasmodium Cryptosporidium Cyclospora Isospora	Trypanosomiasis Leishmaniasis

Transmission

By form

• cyst: Entamoeba hystolytica
• oocyst: Cryptosporidium spp.

By route

• fecal-oral: Giarida intestinalis
• vector-borne: Trypanosoma spp., Plasmodium spp., Leishmania spp.
• air-borne: nothing
• vertical: Toxoplasma gondii

nitazoxanide

• broad spectrum against protozoas and helminths