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2021年5月30日 (日) 16:25時点における版

昆虫と非昆虫

  • Invertebrate
    • Arthropod
      • Insects including mosquito
      • Tick
  • animalia
    • arthropoda
      • insecta
      • arachnida
  • 外骨格 exoskelton
    • 骨に比べて外骨格は重量物を支持するのが困難なため,虫類は一定以上の大きさを持てない
  • 変温動物 poikilothermic
  • 完全変態 complete metamorphosis
    • egg (ovo) - larva - pupa - adult
  • 不完全変態 incomplete metamorphosis
    • egg (ovo) - nymph - adult

Arthropod-borne diseases

Arthropod-borne diseasesは50以上ある

  • 半分はmosquito-borne
  • 残り半分近くがtick-borne
  • Chagas d.
    • true bugs: Triatoma, Rhodnius
  • Onchocerciasis
    • blackflies: Simulium
  • Leishmaniasis
    • sand flies:Phlebotomus
  • Sleeping sickness
    • tse tse flies:

感染経路

  • blood feeding
  • mechanical transmission
    • direct mechanical transmission
      • thru wound by biting or scratching
    • indirect mechanical transmission
      • Chagas via Triatoma's feces

Mosquitos

  • mosquito species > 3,500
  • disease-transmitting mosquito species ≈ 300

Non-venomous invertebrates

  • Bedbug
    • Cimex lectularius
    • insecticide-resistant bedbug is becoming problem worldwide

blood-sucking vectors

  • mono-directional between host and vector
    • Phthiraptera (lice)
    • Hemiptera (kissing bug)
  • bi-directional between host and vector
  • Diptera (mosquito, fly)
  • Siphonaptera (flea)
  • Lepidoptera