Insectology

昆虫と非昆虫

• Invertebrate
  • Arthropod
    • Insects including mosquito
    • Tick

• animalia
  • arthropoda
    • insecta
    • arachnida

• 外骨格 exoskelton
  • 骨に比べて外骨格は重量物を支持するのが困難なため，虫類は一定以上の大きさを持てない
• 変温動物 poikilothermic

• 完全変態 complete metamorphosis
  • egg (ovo) - larva - pupa - adult
• 不完全変態 incomplete metamorphosis
  • egg (ovo) - nymph - adult

Arthropod-borne diseases

Arthropod-borne diseasesは50以上ある

• 半分はmosquito-borne
• 残り半分近くがtick-borne
• Chagas d.
  • true bugs: Triatoma, Rhodnius
• Onchocerciasis
  • blackflies: Simulium
• Leishmaniasis
  • sand flies:Phlebotomus
• Sleeping sickness
  • tse tse flies:

感染経路

• blood feeding
• mechanical transmission
  • direct mechanical transmission
    • thru wound by biting or scratching
  • indirect mechanical transmission
    • Chagas via Triatoma's feces

Mosquitos

• mosquito species > 3,500
• disease-transmitting mosquito species ≈ 300

Non-venomous invertebrates

• Bedbug
  • Cimex lectularius
  • insecticide-resistant bedbug is becoming problem worldwide

blood-sucking vectors

• mono-directional between host and vector
  • Phthiraptera (lice)
  • Hemiptera (kissing bug)
• bi-directional between host and vector
• Diptera (mosquito, fly)
• Siphonaptera (flea)
• Lepidoptera