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::here 'signed' means 'take into account signs of differences of paired data'
→Comparing Means
:#To calculate differences between pairs and discard 0 differences
:#To rank the absolute values of differences (ignoring 0)
:#To make sums the sum of ranks of '''positive difference ''' and the sum of ranks of '''negative differences''' ('signed rank')
:#To look up '''critical value''' relevant to numbers of pairs with non-0 differences and whether '''the smaller sum of rank''' (=statistics) is smaller than the critical value
::if smaller than the critical value, p-value is smaller than designated
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|''Small sample size <30 in a group''
