Environmental health
Functions of forest
- Evapotranspiration
- Coniferous woods compared to broad leaf deciduous woods have shallower roots which leads to less ability to retain rain falls and land slides
Malaria from view point of environmental change
| Africa | SE Asia |
|---|---|
|
|
| species | distribution | biting preference | resting site | breeding site |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anopheles arabiensis | Africa | livestock | outside | small, open water body = more artificial/deforested/reclaimed area where also provides higher water temp. |
| Anopheles gambiae s.s. | human | inside house | ||
| Anopheles funestus | large vegetated water body = more natural area | |||
| Anopheles dirus complex | SE Asia |
| ||
| Anopheles minimus complex |
| |||
| Anopheles sundaicus complex |
|
|}
Factors affecting malaria endemicity
- Global warming
- Population (density) increase
- Importation of malaria beyond borders (esp. land borders)
- Plasmodium drug resistance
- Degradation of control system
- Land use change
- Intense rainfall by oceanic environmental changes