Humanitarian emergency

definition of humanitarian emergency

• crude mortality?
• doubling of mortality?
• covered by international media?
• spectacular?

change depending on what and where

ten priorities in emergency

1. initial health assessment

• must be done in a few days
• not necessarily in the true beginning of the affair

2. measles and other vaccines

• priority regardless of vaccination coverage

3. water and sanitation

• improvement of water supply and sanitation reduce mortality by diarrheal diseases
• quantity comes first
  • 20L/person/day

4. food and nutrition

• quantity deprivation
  • protein and energy malnutrition
• quality deprivation
  • vitamin deprivation

• MUAC - mid-upper arm circumference
  • using a colored plastic band
  • predictor of risk of death <115mm
    • overestimate in younger as well as underestimate in eldery

5. shelters and site planning

• to avoid hypothermia and respiratory illness
• overcrowding is risk
  • standard
    • 3.5 m² /person
    • 30 m² /person overall

6. curative activities

1. referral hospital
2. central facility
3. peripheral facility
4. outreach

7. control of communicable diseases

• diarrhea
• ARI
• measles
• malaria

8. surveillance

• first to survey of mortality

9. human resources and training

• equitable sex ratio and ethnic repartition
• comply with local laws
• support, not drain local resources

10. coordination

• common problems
  • duplication of activities
  • refugees are better off than local population

glossary

latrine 仮設トイレ famine 飢饉