Humanitarian emergency

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definition of humanitarian emergency

  • crude mortality?
  • doubling of mortality?
  • covered by international media?
  • spectacular?

change depending on what and where

ten priorities in emergency

1. initial health assessment

  • must be done in a few days
  • not necessarily in the true beginning of the affair

2. measles and other vaccines

  • priority regardless of vaccination coverage

3. water and sanitation

  • improvement of water supply and sanitation reduce mortality by diarrheal diseases
  • quantity comes first
    • 20L/person/day

4. food and nutrition

  • quantity deprivation
    • protein and energy malnutrition
  • quality deprivation
    • vitamin deprivation
  • MUAC - mid-upper arm circumference
    • using a colored plastic band
    • predictor of risk of death <115mm
      • overestimate in younger as well as underestimate in eldery

5. shelters and site planning

  • to avoid hypothermia and respiratory illness
  • overcrowding is risk
    • standard
      • 3.5 m2 /person
      • 30 m2 /person overall

6. curative activities

  1. referral hospital
  2. central facility
  3. peripheral facility
  4. outreach

7. control of communicable diseases

  • diarrhea
  • ARI
  • measles
  • malaria

8. surveillance

  • first to survey of mortality

9. human resources and training

  • equitable sex ratio and ethnic repartition
  • comply with local laws
  • support, not drain local resources

10. coordination

  • common problems
    • duplication of activities
    • refugees are better off than local population

glossary

latrine 仮設トイレ famine 飢饉