*inflammation is exclusively due to egg
*'''adult pairs do not cause disease per se'''
===co-infection===
*HIV
*Typhoid
**''Salmonella'' typhi has crossover antigenicity with ''Schistosoma'' and makes immune-tolerance against ''Schistosoma'' infection
**Also Salmonella hide between male and female schistosomes in the gynecophoric canal
*HepB/C
==treatment==