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→Health effects by particulate matter
*Diarrhea?
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===How to assess exposures===
*Direct
**Personal monitoring
**Biological marker measurement
*Indirect
**Environmental monitoring
**Mathematical model
**Questionnaire
**Diary
===Population Attributable Fraction (PAF)===
*The fraction of all cases of a particular disease or other adverse condition in a population that is attributable to a specific exposure
<math>PAF = \frac{E(RR-1)}{E(RR-1)+1}</math>
where,
*<math>E</math> is proportion of exposed among population
*<math>RR</math> is relative risk of the exposure derived from air pollution mortality function
