差分

*ヒト体内でadultから生まれたmicrofilariaは吸血で蚊に移行し，蚊の体内で3回moltを繰り返してL3 larvaeに至る． *L3は1.7mmまで体長を増し，吸血によって蚊の体外に放出され，蚊が生じた穿刺口等から皮内に侵入する

*Onchocerciasisのヒト体内の病態生理はmicrofilariaによるが，lymphatic filariasisはadultによる． *Lymphatic filariasisでリンパ浮腫を生じている患者の下肢をエコーで観察すると，拡張したリンパ管内で蠢くadult filariaを観察できる． *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=daLr_clpaso Filarial dance under ultrasonography] ==distribution==[[file:Lymphatic Filariasis distribution 2006.jpg|500px]] ==''Brugia malayi''=={{intermediate|category=mosquito, female|latin=''Mansonia'' spp., ''Aedes'' spp.|inward=blood-feeding of human|organ=midgut, thoracic muscle, proboscis|reproduction=|course=<ol><li>microfilariae lose sheath<li>migrate to thoracic muscle<li>metamorphoses L1→L2→L3 in thoracic muscle<li>L3 migrate to proboscis</ol>|detection=|outward=blood-feeding of human through proboscis}} {{definitive|category='''HUMAN'''|latin=|inward=blood-feeding by mosquito|organ=lymphatics, blood stream|reproduction=sexual|course=<ol><li>L3 invade through cleavage on skin<li>L3 migrate to lymphatics<li>develop to adult*female 43-55 mm, male 13-23 mm*obstruct lymphatics resulted in '''elephantiasis''' and '''hydrocele''' in years<li>mate in lymphatics<li>produce '''sheathed microfilariae''' (no egg)*177-230 µm*nocturnal periodicity<li>microfilariae migrate to blood circulation*mechanism unknown</ol>|detection=<ul></ul>*'''microscopy''', '''microfilariae''', Giemsa stain, blood taken nocturnally*concentration technique**2% formalin to blood (Knott's technique)**polycarbonate membrane filtration|outward=blood-feeding by mosquito}} ==''Wuchereria bancrofti''=={{intermediate|category=mosquito, female|latin=''Aedes'' spp., ''Anopheles'' spp., ''Culex'' spp., ''Mansonia'' spp., ''Coquillettida juxtamansonia''|inward=blood-feeding of human|organ=midgut, thoracic muscle, proboscis|reproduction=|course=<ol><li>microfilariae lose sheath<li>migrate to thoracic muscle<li>metamorphoses L1→L2→L3 in thoracic muscle<li>L3 migrate to proboscis</ol>|detection=|outward=blood-feeding of human through proboscis}} {{definitive|category='''HUMAN'''|latin=|inward=blood-feeding by mosquito|organ=lymphatics, blood stream|reproduction=sexual|course=<ol><li>L3 invade through cleavage on skin<li>L3 migrate to lymphatics<li>develop to adult*female 80-100 mm, male 40 mm*obstruct lymphatics resulted in '''elephantiasis''' and '''hydrocele''' in years<li>mate in lymphatics<li>produce '''sheathed microfilariae''' (no egg)*244-296 µm*nocturnal periodicity<li>microfilariae migrate to blood circulation*mechanism unknown</ol>|detection=<ul></ul>*'''microscopy''', '''microfilariae''', Giemsa stain, blood taken nocturnally**concentration technique***2% formalin to blood (Knott's technique)***polycarbonate membrane filtration*blood Ag RDT; rapid immunochromatographic '''antigen''' test (ICT card test)*urine Ab ELISA; high sensitivity and specificity**possible diurnally|outward=blood-feeding by mosquito}}