Tropical medicine temporary

General principles

Definition of Tropical Medicine Matrices of tropical infection General issues of Helminths Neglected Tropical Diseases Sexually-transmitted infections Non-Communicable Diseases Maternal health and contraception Child health Malnutrition and Micronutrient Eosinophilia Fever in the tropics Diarrhea in the tropics Anemia in the tropics Dermatology in the tropics Ophthalmology in the tropics Neurology in the tropics Mental health in the tropics Surgery in the tropics Humanitarian emergency Epidemiology in outbreak Antimicrobial resistance Pathology of infectious diseases

Symptomatic approach

Zoology
Zoonosis Insectology Mosquitology Acarology Batology Snake toxicology Scorpion and spider toxicology Marine toxicology

Virus
HIV HIV-TB co-infection HIV-STI interaction Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Ebola Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever SFTS Rabies Polio Dengue Yellow fever Chikungunya Zika Japanese encephalitis Tick-borne encephalitis Viral hepatitis Measles Smallpox and Monkeypox Respiratory Syncytial virus

Bacteria and Rickettsiasis
転送 テンプレート:Submenu Bacteria

Protozoa
Overview of protozoa Overview of medicine for protozoa Malaria Chagas disease African trypanosomiasis Leishmaniasis Trichomoniasis Toxoplasmosis Amoebiasis Giardiasis Cryptosporidiosis Cyclosporiasis Isosporiasis Pentatrichomoniasis Microsporidiasis Babesiosis

Nematode
Nematode principles Lympatic filariasis Onchocerciasis Loiasis Microscopic differentiation of microfilariae Strongyloidiasis Ascariasis Ancylostomiasis (hookworm) Trichuriasis (whipworm) Enterobiasis (pinworm) Angiostrongyliasis (rat lungworm) Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm) Anisakiasis Trichinellosis (Trichinosis) Gnathostomiasis Spirurinasis Soil-transmitted helminths

Trematode
General issues of Helminths Trematode principles Schistosomiasis Clonorchiasis Fascioliasis Paragonimiasis Metagonimiasis

Cestode
General issues of Helminths Cestode principles Diphyllobothriasis Sparganosis Taeniasis Echinococcosis

General principles

• GBD Compare
• Humanitarian emergency
• Neglected Tropical Diseases
• Antimicrobial resistance
• Contraception
• Maternal health
• Child health
• Travel health
• Surgery in tropical medicine
• Non-Communicable Diseases
• Pathology

Epidemiology

• Epi practicals - 12 April 2021
• Epi practicals - 14 April 2021
• Epidemiology in outbreak
• Systematic review and Meta-analysis

Symptomatology

• Fever
• 熱帯地域における下痢
• 熱帯地域における神経学的症候
• Eosinophilia
• Sexually transmitted infections
• HIV-TB co-infection
• HIV-STI interaction
• Hepatitis
• Dermatology
• Global mental health
• Malnutrition
  • Micronutrient
• Anemia
• Ophthalmology

Region-specific

• South America

Virus

• HIV
• ウイルス性出血熱総論
  • エボラ
  • SFTS
• Rabies
• Polio
• Arbovirus
• Dengue
• Yellow fever
• Japanese encephalitis
• Chikungunya
• Zika

Bacteria

• Tuberculosis
  • Tuberculosis in children
• Leprosy and other skin mycobacterial disease
• Leptospirosis

Rickettsiosis

class	order	family	genus
α-Proteobacteria	Rickettsiares	Anaplasmataceae	Ehrlichia
			Anaplasma
			Neorickettsia
			Wolbachia
		Rickettsiaceae	Rickettsia
			Orientia
γ-Proteobacteria	Legionellales	Coxiellaceae	Coxiella spp.

• Scrub typhus
• Murine typhus
• Spotted fevers

Protzoa

• Malaria
• Trypanosoma
• Leishmania
• Amoeba
• Giardia
• Pentatrichomona
• Cryptosporidia
• Isospora
• Cyclospora
• Microsporidia

Protozoa is motile
unicellular and eukaryote.

	feature	intestine (cyst or oocyst)	blood, RBC	tissue
Amoeba アメーバ	amoeboid motility asexual reproduction (binary fission) infected by cyst	Entamoeba histolytica		free living amoeba Naegleria fowleri
Flagellata 鞭毛虫	flagellar motility asexual reproduction (binary fission) infected by cyst	Giardia intestinalis	Trypanosoma brucei gambiense/rhodesiense	Trypanosoma cruzi Leishmania spp. Trichomonas vaginalis
Apicomplexa アピコンプレクサ門	gliding motility asexual and sexual reproduction infected by oocyst	Cryptosporidium spp. Isospora belli Cyclospora cayetanensis	Plasmodium spp.	Toxoplasma gondii

• Plasmodium spp. とCryptosporidium spp.の生活環は似ている
  • oocystの中にsporozoiteが含まれている
    • "oo" means egg
  • ただしCはoocystで伝播するがPはoocystによる伝播ではない

• Transmission form
  • cyst: Entamoeba hystolytica
  • oocyst: Cryptosporidium spp.
• Transmission route
  • fecal-oral: Giarida intestinalis
  • vector-borne: Trypanosoma spp., Plasmodium spp., Leishmania spp.
  • air-borne: nothing
  • vertical: Toxoplasma gondii
• Reproduction
  • binary fission: Giardia intestinalis
  • asexual reproduction by schizogony and sexual reproduction: Plasmodium spp.

nitazoxanide

• broad spectrum against protozoas and helminths

Parasite

• parasitism
• symbiosis
• commensalism

• host
  • definitive host
  • intermediate host
  • paratenic host
  • reservoir host
• vector

• larva migrans
  • cutaneous larva migrans
  • visceral larva migrans

life cycles by CDC

CDC DPDx

Helminth

• Nematode 線虫
  • Lympatic filariasis
  • Onchocerca
  • Microscopic differentiation of microfilariae
• Trematode 吸虫
  • Schistosoma
• Cestode 条虫

Test

• Eosinophilia

Medical zoology

• Zoonosis
• Medical insectology
• Anopheline mosquito
• Mosquito ecology
• Acarology (Ticks)
• Bat-derived virus
• Medical zoology other than zoonosis
• Snake bites
• Scorpion stings
• Spider bites
• Marine poisoning