提供: Vaccipedia | Resources for Vaccines, Tropical medicine and Travel medicine
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| 展開するGeneral issues of Vaccine
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| 展開するGeneral issues of Tropical med.
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| 展開するGeneral issues of Travel med.
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| 展開するTrematode (fluke, distoma)
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PAMPs and PRRs
- PAMPs = Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns
- PRRs = Pattern Recognition Receptors
| PAMPs
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PRRs
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- Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
- Peptideglycan
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- Toll-like receptor (TLR)
- NOD-like receptor
- RIG-like receptor
- Scavenger receptor
- Opsonin
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Toll-like receptor (TLR)
- Toll is originally a gene discovered in 1985 as a determinant gene of orientation of dorsum and abdomen in drosophila (fruit fly)
- Toll means 'great' in German
- Later toll gene was also discovered to be involved in immunity of drosophila in 1996
- In 1997 'toll-like gene' resembling the original toll gene was found in mice, which functions in innate immunity of broad range of vertebrates
- Toll-like gene produces toll-like receptor expressed on the surfaces of innate immunity cells
Cytokines
| Cytokines
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- Interleukin (IL)
- Interferon (IFN)
- Colony stimulating factor (CSF)
- Tumor nectoris factor (TNF)
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JAK-STAT pathway
- JAK = Janus kinase
- STAT = Signal transducers and activation of transcription
Macrophage
cytokines
secreted by Macrophage
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local effects
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systemic effects
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| IL-1β
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activate vascular endothelium
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fever
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| TNF-α
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increase vascular permeability
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fever
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| IL-6
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activate lymphocyte
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fever
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| CXCL8
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recruit granulocytes to site of infection
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| IL-12
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activate NK cell
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Complement
Inflammation
