==bacteriologydisease name==*various names in each of endemic areas**Weil's disease**秋病み**Fort Bragg fever**mud fever**swamp fever**sugar cane fever ==pathogen==*one of spirochete*''Leptospira'' spp. in the family ''Leptospiraceae''**10 pathogenic spp.***''Leptospira borgpetersensii'' servar ***''PoiLeptospira interrogans''**7 non-pathogenic spp.**5 intermediate (unknown pathogenicity) spp.*so many serovars**multiple serovars are found in mutiple spp. including both of pathogenic and non-pathogenic ==life cycle and transmission==*natural non-pathogenic reservoirs**rodent**cattle**pig**other domestic and wild animals*reside in renal tubes of natural hosts*excreted into urine of natural hosts ===transmission to human===*humans are accidental dead-end host*direct contact to urine of infected animals*indirect contact to urine-contaminated freshwater*ingestion of urine-contaminated water in outbreak cases*mainly occupational exposure**farmers**fishermen**miners**animal slaughters**veterinarians**sewage/canal workers**sugar cane workers**soldiers*accidental exposure**triathron**canoeing**water rafting**flooding**hurricanes, cyclones and typhoons*direct evidence of transmission via seawater is not known so far ==epidemiology==*true disease burden unknown because of often asymptomatic to mild manifestations
==clinical features==
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6158073/ calf muscle tenderness]is one of pathognomonic symptoms but its pathophysiology is unkown
==diagnosis==
*blood culture positive only in the 1st week
*urine culture positive after 2 weeks
==treatment==
==chemoprophylaxis==
*doxycycline once a week during exposure to potentially contaminated water may be considered