Pneumococcus

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epidemiology

• 1.19mi. deaths in 2016
• 197.05 mil. episodes in 2016
• the leading cause of lower respiratory infections followed by H. influenzae, influenza /B and RS virus
• 50% of pneumococcal deaths in India, Nigeria, DRC and Pakistan

serotype

• all serotypes known more than 90 are pathogenic for human
• differentiation of serotypes is important for epidemiology

antimicrobial resitance

• first reported in late 1960s

vaccine

• PPSV does not induce T-cell dependent immunity
• PCV induces T-cell dependent immunity
• why PPSV still has efficacy in older population while PCV couldn't show higher efficacy than PCV for older population?
• new product "Pneumosil" from India
  • 10-valent
  • serotypes 1, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 19A, 19F, 23F