Matrices of tropical infection

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Definition of Tropical Medicine Matrices of tropical infection General issues of Helminths Neglected Tropical Diseases Sexually-transmitted infections Non-Communicable Diseases Maternal health and contraception Child health Malnutrition and Micronutrient Eosinophilia Fever in the tropics Diarrhea in the tropics Anemia in the tropics Dermatology in the tropics Ophthalmology in the tropics Neurology in the tropics Mental health in the tropics Surgery in the tropics Humanitarian emergency Epidemiology in outbreak Antimicrobial resistance Pathology of infectious diseases

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Virus
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COVID-19
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Bacteria
Bacteriological tests Tuberculosis Tuberculosis in Children HIV-TB co-infection Leprosy Dermatological mycobacterium infecions Syphilis and Yaws Plague Pneumococcus Meningococcus Typhoid Salmonellosis Melioidosis Leptospirosis Brucellosis Bartonellosis Lyme disease and Relapsing fever Tularaemia Tetanus Diphtheria Anthrax Coxiellosis

Rickettsia
Rickettsiosis Scrub typhus Spotted fevers Epidemic typhus Murine typhus

Protozoa
Overview of protozoa Overview of medicine for protozoa Malaria Chagas disease African trypanosomiasis Leishmaniasis Trichomoniasis Toxoplasmosis Amoebiasis Giardiasis Cryptosporidiosis Cyclosporiasis Isosporiasis Pentatrichomoniasis Microsporidiasis Babesiosis

Fungi
General issues of fungi Coccidioidomycosis Paracoccidioidomycosis Histoplasmosis Talaromycosis Blastomycosis Sporotrichosis

Nematode (roundworm)
Nematode principles Lympatic filariasis Onchocerciasis Loiasis Microscopic differentiation of microfilariae Strongyloidiasis Ascariasis Ancylostomiasis (hookworm) Trichuriasis (whipworm) Enterobiasis (pinworm) Angiostrongyliasis (rat lungworm) Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm) Anisakiasis Trichinellosis (Trichinosis) Gnathostomiasis Spirurinasis Soil-transmitted helminths

Trematode (fluke, distoma)
General issues of Helminths Trematode principles Schistosomiasis Clonorchiasis Fascioliasis Paragonimiasis Metagonimiasis

Cestode (tapeworm)
General issues of Helminths Cestode principles Diphyllobothriasis Sparganosis Taeniasis Echinococcosis

Medical Zoology
Zoonosis Insectology Mosquitology Acarology Batology Snake toxicology Scorpion and spider toxicology Marine toxicology

Reproduction of protozoa

	Virus	Bacteria and Rickettsia	Protozoa	Nematode	Trematode	Cestode
asexual			Intestinal amoeba Giardia Trypanosoma Leishmania
sexual			Plasmodium Trypanosoma also has sexual stage Leishmania also has sexual stage Cryptosporidium Cyclospora Isospora

Routes of transmission

Vertical transmission that matters

	Virus	Bacteria and Rickettsia	Protozoa	Nematode	Trematode	Cestode
placental	HIV Hepatitis B	Syphilis	Chagas
transvaginal	HIV Hepatitis B	Neonatal gonococcal conjunctivitis
breastfeeding	HTLV-1

Water

	Virus	Bacteria and Rickettsia	Protozoa	Nematode	Trematode	Cestode
Direct contact to freshwater	nil	Leptospirosis Melioidosis	Acanthamoeba spp. (cornea)	Schistosomiasis
Aspiration of freshwater		Melioidosis	Naegleria fowleri
Ingestion of freshwater		Melioidosis	Naegleria fowleri			Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm)

Soil

	Virus	Bacteria and Rickettsia	Protozoa	Nematode	Trematode	Cestode
soil	nil	Melioidosis		Strongyloidiasis Ascariasis

Animals

	Virus	Bacteria and Rickettsia	Protozoa	Nematode	Trematode	Cestode
Rodent	Hantavirus Lassa	Leptospirosis Plague
Domestic animals		Bartonellosis Brucellosis

Flies

	Virus	Bacteria and Rickettsia	Protozoa	Nematode	Trematode	Cestode
Sandfly		Bartonellosis (Oroya fever, Carrion's disease)	Leishmaniasis
Blackfly				Onchocerciasis
Tse Tse fly			African trypanosomiasis
Deer fly Chrysops				Loasis
Horse fly Tabanus				Loasis

Incubation period/Latent infection

	Virus	Bacteria and Rickettsia	Protozoa	Nematode	Trematode	Cestode
Incubation/latency possibly > 1 year		Melioidosis	Leishmania	Trypanosoma cruzi

Target organs

Eye involvement

	Virus	Bacteria and Rickettsia	Protozoa	Nematode	Trematode	Cestode
Conjunctivitis	Zika	Leptospirosis as conjunctival suffusion

Skin involvement

	Virus	Bacteria and Rickettsia	Protozoa	Nematode	Trematode	Cestode
larvae migrans				Ancylostomiasis (hookworm) Gnathostomiasis Strongyloidiasis as larva currens

Liver and spleen involvement

	Virus	Bacteria and Rickettsia	Protozoa	Nematode	Trematode	Cestode
Jaundice	Viral hepatitis Yellow fever	Leptospirosis	Malaria
Hepatosplenomegaly		Melioidosis Brucellosis Oroya fever	Malaria Visceral leishmaniasis		Schistosomiasis
Hepatomegaly predominant	Viral hepatitis	Leptospirosis
Splenomegaly predominant			Visceral leishmaniasis

Infected cells

	Virus	Bacteria and Rickettsia	Protozoa	Nematode	Trematode	Cestode
Macrophage		Tuberculosis Brucellosis Melioidosis	Trypanosomiasis Leishmaniasis

Syndromes

	Virus	Bacteria and Rickettsia	Protozoa	Nematode	Trematode	Cestode
Löeffler syndrome				Ascariasis Strongyloidiasis Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)