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*acute HIV infection
*persistent lymphadenopathy
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!2
|-!3*Weight loss '''<10%''', unexplained
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!4
*esophageal candidiasis
*TB, paucibacillary
*''<u>P</u>neumo<u>c</u>ystis jirovecii'' pneumonia (PcP)
*cryptococcal meningitis
*[[Talaromycosis|talaromycosis]] (Asia only)
*[[Coccidioidomycosis|coccidioidomycosis]] (America only)
*[[Histoplasmosis|histoplasmosis]]
編集の要約なし
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==疫学==
#≧4 doses/week - anal sex
====dailyPrEP====
*1 tablet/day
*effective for anal sex 1 day after of commencement
*effective for vaginal sex 7 days after of commencement
====event-basedPrEP====
*2 tabltes at 2-24 hours before anal sex + 1 tablet 24-48 hours after the sex
*not effective against vaginal sex
====4 doses/week====
====how to stop====
*have to continue for a certain duration after the last sex
*
*
====monitoring====
*test renal function every 3 mo
**annually for eGFR>90 or <40y/o
*offer STIs screening
====contraindicationof PrEP====
*Renal dysfunction; eGFR<60
*Osteoprorosis
*event-based dosing is option for contraindicated people
====clincal trialtrials of PrEP====
*PROUD study
**86% reduction of HIV
*IMPACT study
===Prevention of Mother to Child transmission (PMTCT)===*Primary prevention in women of childbearing age*Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) provided in prenatal care*ART for PMTCT ====WHO Consolidated Guidelines in 2021====*[https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240031593 Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, testing, treatment, service delivery and monitoring: recommendations for a public health approach. 16 July 2021]**refer to 'Chapter 3.4 Infant prophylaxis' on pp.91 (134th as PDF)*Mother**Urgently commence ART for all HIV-infected pregnant and post-partum women irrespective of time or viral load*All Infants**Daily AZT+NVP from 0d to 6w*Breastfed infants of high risk**Additional AZT+NVP or NVP alone from 6w to 12w*Breastfed infants of mother under ART**Additional daily NVP from 6w to 12w*Replacement fed infants of mother under ART**Additional daily NVP from 6w to 10-12w ==WHO Clinical staging=={{quote|content=[https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/43699 WHO case definitions of HIV for surveillance and revised clinical staging and immunological classification of HIV-related disease in adults and children (2007)]}}
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!style="width:104%"|Stage!style="width:3024%"|Superinfection1<br>≈ CD4 500-!style="width:24%"|2<br>≈ CD4 350-500!style="width:3024%"|Others3<br>≈ CD4 200-350!style="width:3024%"|Malignancy4<br>≈ CD4 -200|-style="vertical-align:top"!Skin||*Herpes zoster*Papular pruritic eruptions*Seborrheic dermatitis*Fungal nail infections||*Herpes simplex infection (oral, genital) > 1 month*[[Talaromycosis|Talaromycosis]] (Asia only)|- style="vertical-align:top"!Oral<br>GI tract||*Angular cheilitis*Oral ulcer, recurrent|*'''Oral''' candidiasis*Oral hairy leukoplakia (EBV-associated)*Acute necrotizing ulcerative stomatitis/gingivitis/periodontitis*Diarrhea > 1month, unexplained|*'''Esophageal''' candidiasis*Cryptosporidiasis, chronic*Isosporiasis, chronic|- style="vertical-align:top"!Respiratory||*URIs, recurrent|*Bacterial LRIs*Pulmonary TB, '''pluribacillary'''|*Severe bacterial LRIs, recurrent*Pulmonary TB, '''paucibacillary'''*Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP)|- style="vertical-align:top"!Neurological
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*recurrent URIsCNS toxoplamosis (Toxoplasmoma)*herpes zosterHIV encephalopathy*fungal nail infectionsCNS cryptococcal infection (Cryptococcoma)*Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy|- style="vertical-align:top"!Systemic
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*unexplained weight loss <10%Asymptomatic*papular eruptionsAcute HIV infection*seborrheic dermatitisLymphadenopathy, persistent
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*oral hairy leukoplakia Weight loss '''>10%''', unexplained*Fever > 1 month, unexplained*Sever bacterial infections (EBV-associatedLRI, bone/joint infections, meningitis)*oral candidiasisAnemia < 8g/dL of Hb, unexplained*TBThrombocytopenia < 50<math>\times</math>10<math>^9</math>/L, pluribacillary*severe bacterial infectionsunexplained
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*unexplained weight loss >10%HIV wasting syndrome*persistent diarrhea >1 monthExtrapulmonary TB*persistent feverCytomegalovirus infection*unexplained anemiaNon-typhoidal salmonellosis (NTS), recurrent*unexplained thrombocytopenia[[Coccidioidomycosis|Coccidioidomycosis]] (America only)*[[Histoplasmosis|Histoplasmosis]]*Atypical disseminated leishmaniasis*HIV-associated nephrophathy*HIV-associated cardiomyopathy|- style="vertical-align:top"!Malignancy
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*Kaposi's sarcoma
*Lymphoma
*Cervical carcinoma
*HIV-associated solid tumors
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*治療効果判定にはviral load
*CD4 countは初診時には有用だがフォローアップには無用；viral loadが大事
==Additional materials of HIV==
{{quote
|content=[https://www.nature.com/collections/mghkkdjlgx Nature Materials in HIV research]
https://www.nature.com/collections/mghkkdjlgx
}}
