「Matrices of tropical infection」の版間の差分

提供: Vaccipedia | Resources for Vaccines, Tropical medicine and Travel medicine
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1行目: 1行目:
 
{{TM menu}}
 
{{TM menu}}
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==Reproduction of protozoa==
 
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!style="width:14%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 
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!style="width:14%|Cestode
 
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!asexual<br>(fission)
 
−
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−
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−
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−
*[[Amoebiasis|Intestinal amoeba]]
 
−
*[[Giardiasis|Giardia]]
 
−
*[[Trypanosomiasis|Trypanosoma]]
 
−
*[[Leishmaniasis|Leishmania]]
 
−
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−
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−
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−
|-
 
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!sexual<br>(zygote)
 
−
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−
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−
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*[[Malaria|Plasmodium]]
 
−
*[[Cryptosporidiasis|Cryptosporidium]]
 
−
*[[Cyclosporiasis|Cyclospora]]
 
−
*[[Isosporiasis|Isospora]]
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
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−
|-
 
−
!both of <br>asexual and sexual
 
−
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−
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−
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*[[Trypanosomiasis]]
 
−
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
 
−
|
 
−
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−
|
 
−
|}
 
  
 
==Routes of transmission==
 
==Routes of transmission==
51行目: 5行目:
 
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
|-
 
|-
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!style="width:16%|  
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!style="width:12.5%|  
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!style="width:14%|Virus
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!style="width:12.5%|Virus
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!style="width:14%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
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!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
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!style="width:14%|Protozoa
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!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
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!style="width:14%|Nematode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
−
!style="width:14%|Trematode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
−
!style="width:14%|Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
 
!placental
 
!placental
67行目: 22行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Trypanosomiasis|Chagas]]
 
*[[Trypanosomiasis|Chagas]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
77行目: 33行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Gonorrhea|Neonatal gonococcal conjunctivitis]]
 
*[[Gonorrhea|Neonatal gonococcal conjunctivitis]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
85行目: 42行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[HTLV-1]]
 
*[[HTLV-1]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
95行目: 53行目:
 
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
|-
 
|-
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!style="width:16%|  
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!style="width:12.5%|  
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!style="width:14%|Virus
+
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
−
!style="width:14%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
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!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
−
!style="width:14%|Protozoa
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!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
−
!style="width:14%|Nematode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
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!style="width:14%|Trematode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
−
!style="width:14%|Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Soil to skin
 
!Soil to skin
108行目: 67行目:
 
*[[Melioidosis]]
 
*[[Melioidosis]]
 
|
 
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Sporotrichosis]]<br>esp. florists and gardeners
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]] (by larvae)
 
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]] (by larvae)
 
*[[Strongyloidiasis]] (by larvae)
 
*[[Strongyloidiasis]] (by larvae)
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Soil to mouth
 
!Soil to mouth
 +
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|
 
|
 
|
 
|
124行目: 85行目:
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
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!Anus to mouth<br>though called as<br>soil-transmitted helminths
+
!Soil to airway
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Coccidioidomycosis]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!Anus to mouth※
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
141行目: 113行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Amoebiasis|''Acanthamoeba'' spp.]] (cornea)
 
*[[Amoebiasis|''Acanthamoeba'' spp.]] (cornea)
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
151行目: 124行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Amoebiasis|''Naegleria fowleri'']]
 
*[[Amoebiasis|''Naegleria fowleri'']]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
162行目: 136行目:
 
*[[Amoebiasis|''Naegleria fowleri'']]
 
*[[Amoebiasis|''Naegleria fowleri'']]
 
|
 
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm)]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm)]]
 
 
|}
 
|}
 +
※Direct transmission from anus to mouth, though classified as Soil-Transmitted Helminths
  
 
===Animals and Aquatic organism===
 
===Animals and Aquatic organism===
 
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
|-
 
|-
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!style="width:16%|  
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!style="width:12.5%|  
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!style="width:14%|Virus
+
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
−
!style="width:14%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
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!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
−
!style="width:14%|Protozoa
+
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
−
!style="width:14%|Nematode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
−
!style="width:14%|Trematode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
−
!style="width:14%|Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Rodent
+
!Rodents
 
|
 
|
 
*Hantavirus
 
*Hantavirus
 
*[[Viral Hemorrhagic Fever|Lassa]]  
 
*[[Viral Hemorrhagic Fever|Lassa]]  
−
*[[Monkeypox]]
+
*[[Smallpox and Monkeypox|Monkeypox]]
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Leptospirosis]]
 
*[[Leptospirosis]]
 
*[[Plague]]
 
*[[Plague]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
196行目: 174行目:
 
*[[Brucellosis]]
 
*[[Brucellosis]]
 
*[[Anthrax]]
 
*[[Anthrax]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
204行目: 183行目:
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Freshwater fish
 
!Freshwater fish
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
214行目: 194行目:
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Freshwater crab
 
!Freshwater crab
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
223行目: 204行目:
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Sea fish
 
!Sea fish
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
236行目: 218行目:
 
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
|-
 
|-
−
!style="width:16%|  
+
!style="width:12.5%|  
−
!style="width:14%|Virus
+
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
−
!style="width:14%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
+
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
−
!style="width:14%|Protozoa
+
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
−
!style="width:14%|Nematode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
−
!style="width:14%|Trematode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
−
!style="width:14%|Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Sandfly ''Phlebotomus''<br>- old world (Africa)
 
!Sandfly ''Phlebotomus''<br>- old world (Africa)
249行目: 232行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
 
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
258行目: 242行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
 
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Blackfly
+
!Tse Tse fly
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Trypanosomiasis|African trypanosomiasis]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Onchocerciasis]]
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Tse Tse fly
+
!Blackfly
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Trypanosomiasis|African trypanosomiasis]]
 
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Onchocerciasis]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
![https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/Creatures/livestock/deer_fly.htm Deer fly ''Chrysops'']
 
![https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/Creatures/livestock/deer_fly.htm Deer fly ''Chrysops'']
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
290行目: 278行目:
 
|-
 
|-
 
![https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/Creatures/livestock/deer_fly.htm Horse fly ''Tabanus'']
 
![https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/Creatures/livestock/deer_fly.htm Horse fly ''Tabanus'']
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
302行目: 291行目:
 
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
|-
 
|-
−
!style="width:16%" colspan="2"|  
+
!style="width:12.5%" colspan="2"|  
−
!style="width:14%|Virus
+
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
−
!style="width:14%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
+
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
−
!style="width:14%|Protozoa
+
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
−
!style="width:14%|Nematode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
−
!style="width:14%|Trematode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
−
!style="width:14%|Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
 
!rowspan="6"|hard<br>ticks!!''Ixodes''
 
!rowspan="6"|hard<br>ticks!!''Ixodes''
316行目: 306行目:
 
*[[Lyme disease and Relapsing fever|Lyme disease]]
 
*[[Lyme disease and Relapsing fever|Lyme disease]]
 
*[[Tularaemia]]
 
*[[Tularaemia]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
326行目: 317行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Spotted fevers|Rocky Mountain spotted fever]]
 
*[[Spotted fevers|Rocky Mountain spotted fever]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
334行目: 326行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Viral Hemorrhagic Fever|Kyasanur Forest disease]]
 
*[[Viral Hemorrhagic Fever|Kyasanur Forest disease]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
343行目: 336行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever]]
 
*[[Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
353行目: 347行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Spotted fevers|Mediterranean spotted fever]]
 
*[[Spotted fevers|Mediterranean spotted fever]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
362行目: 357行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Spotted fevers|African spotted fever<br>(African tick bite fever)]]
 
*[[Spotted fevers|African spotted fever<br>(African tick bite fever)]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
371行目: 367行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Lyme disease and Relapsing fever|Relapsing fever]]
 
*[[Lyme disease and Relapsing fever|Relapsing fever]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
380行目: 377行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Scrub typhus]]
 
*[[Scrub typhus]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
390行目: 388行目:
 
*[[Plague]]
 
*[[Plague]]
 
*[[Murine typhus]]
 
*[[Murine typhus]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
399行目: 398行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Epidemic typhus]]
 
*[[Epidemic typhus]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
408行目: 408行目:
 
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
|-
 
|-
−
!style="width:16%|  
+
!style="width:12.5%|  
−
!style="width:14%|Virus
+
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
−
!style="width:14%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
+
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
−
!style="width:14%|Protozoa
+
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
−
!style="width:14%|Nematode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
−
!style="width:14%|Trematode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
−
!style="width:14%|Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
 
!possibly > 1 year
 
!possibly > 1 year
423行目: 424行目:
 
*[[Leishmania]]
 
*[[Leishmania]]
 
*[[Trypanosomiasis|''Trypanosoma cruzi'']]
 
*[[Trypanosomiasis|''Trypanosoma cruzi'']]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
432行目: 434行目:
 
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
|-
 
|-
−
!style="width:16%|  
+
!style="width:12.5%|  
−
!style="width:14%|Virus
+
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
−
!style="width:14%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
+
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
−
!style="width:14%|Protozoa
+
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
−
!style="width:14%|Nematode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
−
!style="width:14%|Trematode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
−
!style="width:14%|Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Conjunctivitis
 
!Conjunctivitis
445行目: 448行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Leptospirosis]] as conjunctival suffusion
 
*[[Leptospirosis]] as conjunctival suffusion
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
454行目: 458行目:
 
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
|-
 
|-
−
!style="width:16%|  
+
!style="width:12.5%|  
−
!style="width:14%|Virus
+
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
−
!style="width:14%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
+
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
−
!style="width:14%|Protozoa
+
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
−
!style="width:14%|Nematode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
−
!style="width:14%|Trematode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
−
!style="width:14%|Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
 
!larvae migrans
 
!larvae migrans
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
469行目: 475行目:
 
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]
 
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]
 
*[[Gnathostomiasis]]
 
*[[Gnathostomiasis]]
−
*[[Strongyloidiasis]] as larva currens
+
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!larvae currens
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Strongyloidiasis]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
477行目: 492行目:
 
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
|-
 
|-
−
!style="width:16%|  
+
!style="width:12.5%|  
−
!style="width:14%|Virus
+
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
−
!style="width:14%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
+
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
−
!style="width:14%|Protozoa
+
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
−
!style="width:14%|Nematode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
−
!style="width:14%|Trematode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
−
!style="width:14%|Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Jaundice
 
!Jaundice
493行目: 509行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Malaria]]
 
*[[Malaria]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Hepatosplenomegaly
+
!Hepato-<br>splenomegaly
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
506行目: 523行目:
 
*[[Malaria]]
 
*[[Malaria]]
 
*[[Leishmaniasis|Visceral leishmaniasis]]
 
*[[Leishmaniasis|Visceral leishmaniasis]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
516行目: 534行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Leptospirosis]]
 
*[[Leptospirosis]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
526行目: 545行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Leishmaniasis|Visceral leishmaniasis]]
 
*[[Leishmaniasis|Visceral leishmaniasis]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
534行目: 554行目:
 
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
|-
 
|-
−
!style="width:16%|  
+
!style="width:12.5%|  
−
!style="width:14%|Virus
+
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
−
!style="width:14%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
+
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
−
!style="width:14%|Protozoa
+
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
−
!style="width:14%|Nematode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
−
!style="width:14%|Trematode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
−
!style="width:14%|Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 +
|-
 +
!Red blood cell
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Malaria]]
 +
*[[Babesiosis]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Macrophage
 
!Macrophage
551行目: 583行目:
 
*[[Trypanosomiasis]]
 
*[[Trypanosomiasis]]
 
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
 
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
556行目: 589行目:
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
==Syndromes==
+
==Syndromes with special names==
−
{|class="wikitable"
+
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Katayama syndrome
 
!Katayama syndrome
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
571行目: 612行目:
 
|-
 
|-
 
!L&ouml;effler syndrome
 
!L&ouml;effler syndrome
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
582行目: 624行目:
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Mazzotti reaction
 
!Mazzotti reaction
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
593行目: 636行目:
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Wakana syndrome
 
!Wakana syndrome
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
603行目: 647行目:
  
 
==Treatment==
 
==Treatment==
−
===Treatment for helminths===
 
−
{|class="wikitable"
 
−
|-
 
−
! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode
 
−
|-
 
−
!Diethylcarbamazine<br>(DEC)
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
*[[Lymphatic filariasis]]
 
−
*[[Loiasis|Loiasis when <8,000MF/mL]]
 
−
*'''NEVER for [[Onchocerciasis]]''' and beware of co-infection
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
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|-
 
−
!Ivermectin
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
*[[Onchocerciasis]]
 
−
**but Mazzotti 10% and encephalopathy
 
−
*'''NEVER for [[Loiasis]]''' and beware of co-infection
 
−
*[[Strongyloidiasis]]
 
−
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]
 
−
*[[Gnathostomiasis]]
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
!Albendazole
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
*[[Loiasis|Loiasis when >8,000MF/mL]]
 
−
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]
 
−
*[[Trichuriasis (whipworm)]]
 
−
*[[Trichinellosis]]
 
−
*[[Toxocariasis]]
 
−
*[[Enterobiasis (pinworm)]]
 
−
*[[Gnathostomiasis]]
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
*[[Echinococcosis]]
 
−
|-
 
−
!Praziquantel
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
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*[[Ascariasis]]
 
−
|
 
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*[[Schistosomiasis|Adult of schistosoma]]
 
−
*[[Clonorchiasis]]
 
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*[[Paragonimiasis]]
 
−
|
 
−
*[[Diphyllobothriasis]]
 
−
*[[Taeniasis]]
 
−
*[[Echinococcosis]]
 
−
|-
 
−
!Triclabendazole
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
*[[Fasciolasis]]
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
!Doxycycline
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
*[[Lymphatic filariasis|Adult of lymphatic filariae for ''Wolbachia'']]
 
−
*[[Onchocerciasis|Adult of onchocerca for ''Wolbachia'']]
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
!Mechanical removal<br>Spontaneous resolution<br>No effective treatment
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
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−
*[[Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm)]]
 
−
*[[Anisakiasis]]
 
−
*[[Angiostrongyliasis (rat lungworm)]]
 
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|
 
−
|
 
−
*[[Echinococcosis|PAIR for ''Echinococcus granulosus'']]
 
−
*[[Echinococcosis|Surgery for ''Echinococcus multilocularis'']]
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Options for LF, Oncho and Loiasis===
 
−
{|class="wikitable"
 
−
|-
 
−
! !![[Lymphatic filariasis]]!![[Onchocerciasis]]!![[Loiasis]]
 
−
|-
 
−
!Diethylcarbamazine<br>(DEC)
 
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|1st line
 
−
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''<br>possibly Mazzotti
 
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|<8,000MF/mL
 
−
|-
 
−
!Ivermectin
 
−
|
 
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|1st line<br>but Mazzotti 10%
 
−
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''<br>possibly encephalopathy
 
−
|-
 
−
!Albendazole
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|>8,000MF/mL
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
{|class="wikitable"
 
−
|-
 
−
! !![[Lymphatic filariasis]]!!→LF & Oncho←!![[Onchocerciasis]]!!→Oncho & Loiasis←!![[Loiasis]]
 
−
|-
 
−
!Diethylcarbamazine<br>(DEC)
 
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|1st line
 
−
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''
 
−
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''
 
−
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''
 
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|<8,000MF/mL
 
−
|-
 
−
!Ivermectin
 
−
|
 
−
|rowspan="2" style="background:aquamarine;"|[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC293471/ Ivermectin + Albendazole<br>may be safe]
 
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|1st line<br>but Mazzotti 10%
 
−
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''
 
−
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''
 
−
|-
 
−
!Albendazole
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|may be an option
 
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|>8,000MF/mL
 
−
|-
 
−
!Other option
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|Cytapheresis of oncho MF before DEC
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|}
 

2023年9月21日 (木) 17:28時点における最新版

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Routes of transmission

Vertical transmission

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
placental
transvaginal
breastfeeding

Soil and Water

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Soil to skin
Soil to mouth
Soil to airway
Anus to mouth※
Direct contact to freshwater
Aspiration of freshwater
Ingestion of freshwater

※Direct transmission from anus to mouth, though classified as Soil-Transmitted Helminths

Animals and Aquatic organism

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Rodents
Domestic animals
Freshwater fish
Freshwater crab
Sea fish

Flies

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Sandfly Phlebotomus
- old world (Africa)
Sandfly Lutzomyia
- new world (Americas)
Tse Tse fly
Blackfly
Deer fly Chrysops
Horse fly Tabanus

Acari, Fleas, Lice

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
hard
ticks		 Ixodes
Dermacentor
Haemaphysalis
Hyalomma
Rhipicephalus
Amblyomma
soft
ticks		 Ornithodoros
chigger
mite		 Leptotrombidium
flea
lice

Incubation period/Latent infection

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
possibly > 1 year

Target organs

Eye involvement

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Conjunctivitis

Skin involvement

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
larvae migrans
larvae currens

Liver and spleen involvement

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Jaundice
Hepato-
splenomegaly
Hepatomegaly predominant
Splenomegaly predominant

Infected cells

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Red blood cell
Macrophage

Syndromes with special names

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Katayama syndrome
Löeffler syndrome
Mazzotti reaction
Wakana syndrome

Treatment

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