「Matrices of tropical infection」の版間の差分

提供: Vaccipedia | Resources for Vaccines, Tropical medicine and Travel medicine
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1行目: 1行目:
 
{{TM menu}}
 
{{TM menu}}
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==Reproduction of protozoa==
 
−
{|class="wikitable"
 
−
|-
 
−
! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode
 
−
|-
 
−
!asexual
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
*[[Amoebiasis|Intestinal amoeba]]
 
−
*[[Giardiasis|Giardia]]
 
−
*[[Trypanosomiasis|Trypanosoma]]
 
−
*[[Leishmaniasis|Leishmania]]
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
!sexual
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
*[[Malaria|Plasmodium]]
 
−
*[[Trypanosomiasis|Trypanosoma also has sexual stage]]
 
−
*[[Leishmaniasis|Leishmania also has sexual stage]]
 
−
*[[Cryptosporidiasis|Cryptosporidium]]
 
−
*[[Cyclosporiasis|Cyclospora]]
 
−
*[[Isosporiasis|Isospora]]
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|}
 
  
 
==Routes of transmission==
 
==Routes of transmission==
−
===Vertical transmission that matters===
+
===Vertical transmission===
−
{|class="wikitable"
+
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
 
!placental
 
!placental
47行目: 22行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Trypanosomiasis|Chagas]]
 
*[[Trypanosomiasis|Chagas]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
57行目: 33行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Gonorrhea|Neonatal gonococcal conjunctivitis]]
 
*[[Gonorrhea|Neonatal gonococcal conjunctivitis]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
65行目: 42行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[HTLV-1]]
 
*[[HTLV-1]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
73行目: 51行目:
  
 
===Soil and Water===
 
===Soil and Water===
−
{|class="wikitable"
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{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Soil to skin
 
!Soil to skin
82行目: 67行目:
 
*[[Melioidosis]]
 
*[[Melioidosis]]
 
|
 
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Sporotrichosis]]<br>esp. florists and gardeners
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]] (by larvae)
 
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]] (by larvae)
 
*[[Strongyloidiasis]] (by larvae)
 
*[[Strongyloidiasis]] (by larvae)
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Soil to mouth
 
!Soil to mouth
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
98行目: 85行目:
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Anus to mouth<br>though called as<br>soil-transmitted helminths
+
!Soil to airway
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Coccidioidomycosis]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!Anus to mouth※
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
115行目: 113行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Amoebiasis|''Acanthamoeba'' spp.]] (cornea)
 
*[[Amoebiasis|''Acanthamoeba'' spp.]] (cornea)
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
125行目: 124行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Amoebiasis|''Naegleria fowleri'']]
 
*[[Amoebiasis|''Naegleria fowleri'']]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
136行目: 136行目:
 
*[[Amoebiasis|''Naegleria fowleri'']]
 
*[[Amoebiasis|''Naegleria fowleri'']]
 
|
 
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm)]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm)]]
 
 
|}
 
|}
 +
※Direct transmission from anus to mouth, though classified as Soil-Transmitted Helminths
  
 
===Animals and Aquatic organism===
 
===Animals and Aquatic organism===
−
{|class="wikitable"
+
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Rodent
+
!Rodents
 
|
 
|
 
*Hantavirus
 
*Hantavirus
 
*[[Viral Hemorrhagic Fever|Lassa]]  
 
*[[Viral Hemorrhagic Fever|Lassa]]  
−
*[[Monkeypox]]
+
*[[Smallpox and Monkeypox|Monkeypox]]
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Leptospirosis]]
 
*[[Leptospirosis]]
 
*[[Plague]]
 
*[[Plague]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
164行目: 174行目:
 
*[[Brucellosis]]
 
*[[Brucellosis]]
 
*[[Anthrax]]
 
*[[Anthrax]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
172行目: 183行目:
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Freshwater fish
 
!Freshwater fish
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
182行目: 194行目:
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Freshwater crab
 
!Freshwater crab
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
191行目: 204行目:
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Sea fish
 
!Sea fish
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
202行目: 216行目:
  
 
===Flies===
 
===Flies===
−
{|class="wikitable"
+
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematodes!!Trematodes!!Cestodes
+
!style="width:12.5%|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Sandfly ''Phlebotomus''<br>- old world (Africa)
 
!Sandfly ''Phlebotomus''<br>- old world (Africa)
211行目: 232行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
 
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
220行目: 242行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
 
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
 +
|
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Blackfly
+
!Tse Tse fly
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Trypanosomiasis|African trypanosomiasis]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Onchocerciasis]]
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Tse Tse fly
+
!Blackfly
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Trypanosomiasis|African trypanosomiasis]]
 
 
|
 
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Onchocerciasis]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
![https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/Creatures/livestock/deer_fly.htm Deer fly<br>''Chrysops'']
+
![https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/Creatures/livestock/deer_fly.htm Deer fly ''Chrysops'']
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
250行目: 277行目:
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
![https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/Creatures/livestock/deer_fly.htm Horse fly<br>''Tabanus'']
+
![https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/Creatures/livestock/deer_fly.htm Horse fly ''Tabanus'']
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
260行目: 288行目:
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
==Incubation period/Latent infection==
+
===Acari, Fleas, Lice===
−
{|class="wikitable"
+
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%" colspan="2"|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Incubation/latency possibly > 1 year
+
!rowspan="6"|hard<br>ticks!!''Ixodes''
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Tick-borne encephalitis]]
 +
|
 +
*[[Lyme disease and Relapsing fever|Lyme disease]]
 +
*[[Tularaemia]]
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Melioidosis]]
 
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Leishmania]]
 
−
*[[Trypanosomiasis|''Trypanosoma cruzi'']]
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|}
 
−
 
−
==Target organs==
 
−
===Eye involvement===
 
−
{|class="wikitable"
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode
+
!''Dermacentor''
 +
|
 +
*[[Viral Hemorrhagic Fever|Omsk hemorrhagic fever]]
 +
|
 +
*[[Spotted fevers|Rocky Mountain spotted fever]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Conjunctivitis
+
!''Haemaphysalis''
 +
|
 +
*[[Viral Hemorrhagic Fever|Kyasanur Forest disease]]
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Zika]]
 
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Leptospirosis]] as conjunctival suffusion
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Skin involvement===
 
−
{|class="wikitable"
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode
+
!''Hyalomma''
 +
|
 +
*[[Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!larvae migrans
+
!''Rhipicephalus''
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Spotted fevers|Mediterranean spotted fever]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]
 
−
*[[Gnathostomiasis]]
 
−
*[[Strongyloidiasis]] as larva currens
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Liver and spleen involvement===
 
−
{|class="wikitable"
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode
+
!''Amblyomma''
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Spotted fevers|African spotted fever<br>(African tick bite fever)]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Jaundice
+
!soft<br>ticks!!''Ornithodoros''
 +
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Viral hepatitis]]
+
*[[Lyme disease and Relapsing fever|Relapsing fever]]
−
*[[Yellow fever]]
 
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Leptospirosis]]
 
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Malaria]]
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Hepatosplenomegaly
+
!chigger<br>mite!!''Leptotrombidium''
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Scrub typhus]]
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Melioidosis]]
 
−
*[[Brucellosis]]
 
−
*[[Bartonellosis|Oroya fever]]
 
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Malaria]]
 
−
*[[Leishmaniasis|Visceral leishmaniasis]]
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Schistosomiasis]]
 
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Hepatomegaly predominant
+
!colspan="2"|flea
 +
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Viral hepatitis]]
+
*[[Plague]]
 +
*[[Murine typhus]]
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Leptospirosis]]
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
352行目: 394行目:
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Splenomegaly predominant
+
!colspan="2"|lice
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Epidemic typhus]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Leishmaniasis|Visceral leishmaniasis]]
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
362行目: 405行目:
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
==Infected cells==
+
==Incubation period/Latent infection==
−
{|class="wikitable"
+
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Macrophage
+
!possibly > 1 year
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Tuberculosis]]
 
−
*[[Brucellosis]]
 
 
*[[Melioidosis]]
 
*[[Melioidosis]]
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Trypanosomiasis]]
+
*[[Leishmania]]
−
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
+
*[[Trypanosomiasis|''Trypanosoma cruzi'']]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
381行目: 430行目:
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
==Syndromes==
+
==Target organs==
−
{|class="wikitable"
+
===Eye involvement===
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Katayama syndrome
+
!Conjunctivitis
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Zika]]
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Leptospirosis]] as conjunctival suffusion
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Schistosomiasis]]
+
|
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
===Skin involvement===
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 +
|-
 +
!style="width:12.5%|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
−
!L&ouml;effler syndrome
+
!larvae migrans
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Ascariasis]]
 
−
*[[Strongyloidiasis]]
 
 
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]
 
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]
 +
*[[Gnathostomiasis]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Mazzotti reaction
+
!larvae currens
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Onchocerciasis|DEC for onchocerciasis highly possible]]
+
*[[Strongyloidiasis]]
−
*[[Onchocerciasis|Ivermectin for onchocerciasis sometimes possible]]
 
−
*[[Loiasis|Ivermectin for loasis with onchocerca sometimes possible]]
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
|}
 +
 +
===Liver and spleen involvement===
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 +
|-
 +
!style="width:12.5%|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Wakana syndrome
+
!Jaundice
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Viral hepatitis]]
 +
*[[Yellow fever]]
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Leptospirosis]]
 +
|
 +
*[[Malaria]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|}
 
−
 
−
==Treatment==
 
−
===Treatment for helminths===
 
−
{|class="wikitable"
 
−
|-
 
−
! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Diethylcarbamazine<br>(DEC)
+
!Hepato-<br>splenomegaly
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Melioidosis]]
 +
*[[Brucellosis]]
 +
*[[Bartonellosis|Oroya fever]]
 +
|
 +
*[[Malaria]]
 +
*[[Leishmaniasis|Visceral leishmaniasis]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Lymphatic filariasis]]
 
−
*[[Loiasis|Loiasis when <8,000MF/mL]]
 
−
*'''NEVER for [[Onchocerciasis]]''' and beware of co-infection
 
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Schistosomiasis]]
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Ivermectin
+
!Hepatomegaly predominant
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Viral hepatitis]]
 +
|
 +
*[[Leptospirosis]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Onchocerciasis]]
 
−
**but Mazzotti 10% and encephalopathy
 
−
*'''NEVER for [[Loiasis]]''' and beware of co-infection
 
−
*[[Strongyloidiasis]]
 
−
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]
 
−
*[[Gnathostomiasis]]
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Albendazole
+
!Splenomegaly predominant
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Leishmaniasis|Visceral leishmaniasis]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Loiasis|Loiasis when >8,000MF/mL]]
 
−
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]
 
−
*[[Trichuriasis (whipworm)]]
 
−
*[[Trichinellosis]]
 
−
*[[Toxocariasis]]
 
−
*[[Enterobiasis (pinworm)]]
 
−
*[[Gnathostomiasis]]
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Echinococcosis]]
+
|}
 +
 
 +
==Infected cells==
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Praziquantel
+
!style="width:12.5%|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 +
|-
 +
!Red blood cell
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Malaria]]
 +
*[[Babesiosis]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Ascariasis]]
 
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Schistosomiasis|Adult of schistosoma]]
 
−
*[[Clonorchiasis]]
 
−
*[[Paragonimiasis]]
 
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Diphyllobothriasis]]
 
−
*[[Taeniasis]]
 
−
*[[Echinococcosis]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Triclabendazole
+
!Macrophage
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Tuberculosis]]
 +
*[[Brucellosis]]
 +
*[[Melioidosis]]
 +
|
 +
*[[Trypanosomiasis]]
 +
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Fasciolasis]]
 
 
|
 
|
 +
|}
 +
 +
==Syndromes with special names==
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Doxycycline
+
!style="width:12.5%|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 +
|-
 +
!Katayama syndrome
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Lymphatic filariasis|Adult of lymphatic filariae for ''Wolbachia'']]
 
−
*[[Onchocerciasis|Adult of onchocerca for ''Wolbachia'']]
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Schistosomiasis]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Mechanical removal<br>Spontaneous resolution<br>No effective treatment
+
!L&ouml;effler syndrome
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm)]]
+
*[[Ascariasis]]
−
*[[Anisakiasis]]
+
*[[Strongyloidiasis]]
−
*[[Angiostrongyliasis (rat lungworm)]]
+
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Echinococcosis|PAIR for ''Echinococcus granulosus'']]
 
−
*[[Echinococcosis|Surgery for ''Echinococcus multilocularis'']]
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Options for LF, Oncho and Loiasis===
 
−
{|class="wikitable"
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
! !![[Lymphatic filariasis]]!![[Onchocerciasis]]!![[Loiasis]]
+
!Mazzotti reaction
−
|-
+
|
−
!Diethylcarbamazine<br>(DEC)
+
|
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|1st line
+
|
−
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''<br>possibly Mazzotti
 
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|<8,000MF/mL
 
−
|-
 
−
!Ivermectin
 
 
|
 
|
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|1st line<br>but Mazzotti 10%
 
−
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''<br>possibly encephalopathy
 
−
|-
 
−
!Albendazole
 
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Onchocerciasis|DEC for onchocerciasis highly possible]]
 +
*[[Onchocerciasis|Ivermectin for onchocerciasis sometimes possible]]
 +
*[[Loiasis|Ivermectin for loasis with onchocerca sometimes possible]]
 
|
 
|
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|>8,000MF/mL
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
{|class="wikitable"
 
−
|-
 
−
! !![[Lymphatic filariasis]]!!→LF & Oncho←!![[Onchocerciasis]]!!→Oncho & Loiasis←!![[Loiasis]]
 
−
|-
 
−
!Diethylcarbamazine<br>(DEC)
 
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|1st line
 
−
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''
 
−
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''
 
−
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''
 
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|<8,000MF/mL
 
−
|-
 
−
!Ivermectin
 
 
|
 
|
−
|rowspan="2" style="background:aquamarine;"|[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC293471/ Ivermectin + Albendazole<br>may be safe]
 
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|1st line<br>but Mazzotti 10%
 
−
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''
 
−
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Albendazole
+
!Wakana syndrome
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|may be an option
 
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|>8,000MF/mL
 
−
|-
 
−
!Other option
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|Cytapheresis of oncho MF before DEC
+
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
==Treatment==

2023年9月21日 (木) 17:28時点における最新版

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Routes of transmission

Vertical transmission

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
placental
transvaginal
breastfeeding

Soil and Water

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Soil to skin
Soil to mouth
Soil to airway
Anus to mouth※
Direct contact to freshwater
Aspiration of freshwater
Ingestion of freshwater

※Direct transmission from anus to mouth, though classified as Soil-Transmitted Helminths

Animals and Aquatic organism

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Rodents
Domestic animals
Freshwater fish
Freshwater crab
Sea fish

Flies

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Sandfly Phlebotomus
- old world (Africa)
Sandfly Lutzomyia
- new world (Americas)
Tse Tse fly
Blackfly
Deer fly Chrysops
Horse fly Tabanus

Acari, Fleas, Lice

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
hard
ticks		 Ixodes
Dermacentor
Haemaphysalis
Hyalomma
Rhipicephalus
Amblyomma
soft
ticks		 Ornithodoros
chigger
mite		 Leptotrombidium
flea
lice

Incubation period/Latent infection

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
possibly > 1 year

Target organs

Eye involvement

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Conjunctivitis

Skin involvement

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
larvae migrans
larvae currens

Liver and spleen involvement

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Jaundice
Hepato-
splenomegaly
Hepatomegaly predominant
Splenomegaly predominant

Infected cells

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Red blood cell
Macrophage

Syndromes with special names

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Katayama syndrome
Löeffler syndrome
Mazzotti reaction
Wakana syndrome

Treatment

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