「Matrices of tropical infection」の版間の差分

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(同じ利用者による、間の146版が非表示)
2行目: 2行目:
  
 
==Routes of transmission==
 
==Routes of transmission==
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===Water===
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===Vertical transmission===
−
{|class="wikitable"
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{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
|-
 
|-
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! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode
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!style="width:12.5%|
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!style="width:12.5%|Virus
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!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
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!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
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!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
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!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
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!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
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!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
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!Direct contact to water
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!placental
−
|nil
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*[[HIV]]
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*[[Viral hepatitis|Hepatitis B]]
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*[[Syphilis]]
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*[[Trypanosomiasis|Chagas]]
 +
|
 +
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|-
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!transvaginal
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*[[HIV]]
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*[[Viral hepatitis|Hepatitis B]]
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*[[Gonorrhea|Neonatal gonococcal conjunctivitis]]
 +
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|-
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!breastfeeding
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*[[HTLV-1]]
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|}
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===Soil and Water===
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{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
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|-
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!style="width:12.5%|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
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!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
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!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
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|-
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!Soil to skin
 +
|
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*[[Melioidosis]]
 +
|
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*[[Sporotrichosis]]<br>esp. florists and gardeners
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*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]] (by larvae)
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*[[Strongyloidiasis]] (by larvae)
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|-
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!Soil to mouth
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*[[Ascariasis]] (by eggs)
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*[[Toxocariasis]] (by eggs)
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|-
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!Soil to airway
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*[[Coccidioidomycosis]]
 +
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|-
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!Anus to mouth※
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*[[Enterobiasis (pinworm)]] (by eggs)
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*[[Trichuriasis (whipworm)]] (by eggs)
 +
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|-
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!Direct contact to freshwater
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Leptospirosis]]
 
*[[Leptospirosis]]
15行目: 114行目:
 
*[[Amoebiasis|''Acanthamoeba'' spp.]] (cornea)
 
*[[Amoebiasis|''Acanthamoeba'' spp.]] (cornea)
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Schistosomiasis]]
 
 
|
 
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 +
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*[[Schistosomiasis]] (by cercariae)
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Aspiration of water
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!Aspiration of freshwater
 
|
 
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|
 
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24行目: 124行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Amoebiasis|''Naegleria fowleri'']]
 
*[[Amoebiasis|''Naegleria fowleri'']]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
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|-
 
|-
−
!Ingestion of water
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!Ingestion of freshwater
 
|
 
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|
 
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*[[Melioidosis]]
 
*[[Melioidosis]]
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Ameobiasis|''Naegleria fowleri'']]
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*[[Amoebiasis|''Naegleria fowleri'']]
 +
|
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*[[Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm)]]
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|
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|}
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※Direct transmission from anus to mouth, though classified as Soil-Transmitted Helminths
 +
 
 +
===Animals and Aquatic organism===
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{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
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|-
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!style="width:12.5%|
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!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
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!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 +
|-
 +
!Rodents
 +
|
 +
*Hantavirus
 +
*[[Viral Hemorrhagic Fever|Lassa]]
 +
*[[Smallpox and Monkeypox|Monkeypox]]
 +
|
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*[[Leptospirosis]]
 +
*[[Plague]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
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|-
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!Domestic animals
 +
|
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*[[Bartonellosis]]
 +
*[[Brucellosis]]
 +
*[[Anthrax]]
 +
|
 +
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*[[Trichinellosis]]
 +
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 +
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*[[Taeniasis]]
 +
|-
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!Freshwater fish
 +
|
 +
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*[[Gnathostomiasis]] (by larvae)
 +
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*[[Metagonimiasis]] (by metacercariae)<br>(sweetfish 鮎)
 +
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|-
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!Freshwater crab
 +
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*[[Paragonimiasis]] (by metacercariae)
 +
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|-
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!Sea fish
 +
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*[[Anisakiasis]] (by larvae)
 
|
 
|
 
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−
*[[Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm)]]
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*[[Diphyllobothriasis]]
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
===Soil===
+
===Flies===
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 +
|-
 +
!style="width:12.5%|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 +
|-
 +
!Sandfly ''Phlebotomus''<br>- old world (Africa)
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
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!Sandfly ''Lutzomyia''<br>- new world (Americas)
 +
|
 +
|
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*[[Bartonellosis]]<br>(Oroya fever, Carrion's disease)
 +
|
 +
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!Tse Tse fly
 +
|
 +
|
 +
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*[[Trypanosomiasis|African trypanosomiasis]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
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|-
 +
!Blackfly
 +
|
 +
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|
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*[[Onchocerciasis]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
![https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/Creatures/livestock/deer_fly.htm Deer fly ''Chrysops'']
 +
|
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*[[Loiasis]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
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![https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/Creatures/livestock/deer_fly.htm Horse fly ''Tabanus'']
 +
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|
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*[[Loiasis]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
===Acari, Fleas, Lice===
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 +
|-
 +
!style="width:12.5%" colspan="2"|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 +
|-
 +
!rowspan="6"|hard<br>ticks!!''Ixodes''
 +
|
 +
*[[Tick-borne encephalitis]]
 +
|
 +
*[[Lyme disease and Relapsing fever|Lyme disease]]
 +
*[[Tularaemia]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!''Dermacentor''
 +
|
 +
*[[Viral Hemorrhagic Fever|Omsk hemorrhagic fever]]
 +
|
 +
*[[Spotted fevers|Rocky Mountain spotted fever]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!''Haemaphysalis''
 +
|
 +
*[[Viral Hemorrhagic Fever|Kyasanur Forest disease]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!''Hyalomma''
 +
|
 +
*[[Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!''Rhipicephalus''
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Spotted fevers|Mediterranean spotted fever]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!''Amblyomma''
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Spotted fevers|African spotted fever<br>(African tick bite fever)]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!soft<br>ticks!!''Ornithodoros''
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Lyme disease and Relapsing fever|Relapsing fever]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!chigger<br>mite!!''Leptotrombidium''
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Scrub typhus]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!colspan="2"|flea
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Plague]]
 +
*[[Murine typhus]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!colspan="2"|lice
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Epidemic typhus]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|}
  
 
==Incubation period/Latent infection==
 
==Incubation period/Latent infection==
−
===Incubation/latency possibly > 1 year===
+
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
−
{|class="wikitable"
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
 +
!possibly > 1 year
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Melioidosis]]
 
*[[Melioidosis]]
 +
|
 +
*[[Leishmania]]
 +
*[[Trypanosomiasis|''Trypanosoma cruzi'']]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|}
 +
 +
==Target organs==
 +
===Eye involvement===
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 +
|-
 +
!style="width:12.5%|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 +
|-
 +
!Conjunctivitis
 +
|
 +
*[[Zika]]
 +
|
 +
*[[Leptospirosis]] as conjunctival suffusion
 +
|
 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
|
 +
|}
 +
 +
===Skin involvement===
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 +
|-
 +
!style="width:12.5%|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
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!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 +
|-
 +
!larvae migrans
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Trypanosomiasis|''Trypanosoma cruzi'']]
+
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]
 +
*[[Gnathostomiasis]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!larvae currens
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Strongyloidiasis]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
===Liver and spleen involvement===
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 +
|-
 +
!style="width:12.5%|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 +
|-
 +
!Jaundice
 +
|
 +
*[[Viral hepatitis]]
 +
*[[Yellow fever]]
 +
|
 +
*[[Leptospirosis]]
 +
|
 +
*[[Malaria]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!Hepato-<br>splenomegaly
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Melioidosis]]
 +
*[[Brucellosis]]
 +
*[[Bartonellosis|Oroya fever]]
 +
|
 +
*[[Malaria]]
 +
*[[Leishmaniasis|Visceral leishmaniasis]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Schistosomiasis]]
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!Hepatomegaly predominant
 +
|
 +
*[[Viral hepatitis]]
 +
|
 +
*[[Leptospirosis]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!Splenomegaly predominant
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Leishmaniasis|Visceral leishmaniasis]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
==Infected cells==
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 +
|-
 +
!style="width:12.5%|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 +
|-
 +
!Red blood cell
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Malaria]]
 +
*[[Babesiosis]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!Macrophage
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Tuberculosis]]
 +
*[[Brucellosis]]
 +
*[[Melioidosis]]
 +
|
 +
*[[Trypanosomiasis]]
 +
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
==Syndromes with special names==
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 +
|-
 +
!style="width:12.5%|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 +
|-
 +
!Katayama syndrome
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Schistosomiasis]]
 +
|-
 +
!L&ouml;effler syndrome
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Ascariasis]]
 +
*[[Strongyloidiasis]]
 +
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!Mazzotti reaction
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Onchocerciasis|DEC for onchocerciasis highly possible]]
 +
*[[Onchocerciasis|Ivermectin for onchocerciasis sometimes possible]]
 +
*[[Loiasis|Ivermectin for loasis with onchocerca sometimes possible]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!Wakana syndrome
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
==Treatment==

2023年9月21日 (木) 17:28時点における最新版

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Routes of transmission

Vertical transmission

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
placental
transvaginal
breastfeeding

Soil and Water

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Soil to skin
Soil to mouth
Soil to airway
Anus to mouth※
Direct contact to freshwater
Aspiration of freshwater
Ingestion of freshwater

※Direct transmission from anus to mouth, though classified as Soil-Transmitted Helminths

Animals and Aquatic organism

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Rodents
Domestic animals
Freshwater fish
Freshwater crab
Sea fish

Flies

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Sandfly Phlebotomus
- old world (Africa)
Sandfly Lutzomyia
- new world (Americas)
Tse Tse fly
Blackfly
Deer fly Chrysops
Horse fly Tabanus

Acari, Fleas, Lice

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
hard
ticks		 Ixodes
Dermacentor
Haemaphysalis
Hyalomma
Rhipicephalus
Amblyomma
soft
ticks		 Ornithodoros
chigger
mite		 Leptotrombidium
flea
lice

Incubation period/Latent infection

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
possibly > 1 year

Target organs

Eye involvement

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Conjunctivitis

Skin involvement

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
larvae migrans
larvae currens

Liver and spleen involvement

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Jaundice
Hepato-
splenomegaly
Hepatomegaly predominant
Splenomegaly predominant

Infected cells

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Red blood cell
Macrophage

Syndromes with special names

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Katayama syndrome
Löeffler syndrome
Mazzotti reaction
Wakana syndrome

Treatment

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