「Matrices of tropical infection」の版間の差分

提供: Vaccipedia | Resources for Vaccines, Tropical medicine and Travel medicine
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1行目: 1行目:
 
{{TM menu}}
 
{{TM menu}}
  
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==Reproduction of protozoa==
+
==Routes of transmission==
−
{|class="wikitable"
+
===Vertical transmission===
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
−
!asexual
+
!placental
 +
|
 +
*[[HIV]]
 +
*[[Viral hepatitis|Hepatitis B]]
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Syphilis]]
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Trypanosomiasis|Chagas]]
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Amoebiasis|Intestinal amoeba]]
 
−
*[[Giardiasis|Giardia]]
 
−
*[[Trypanosomiasis|Trypanosoma]]
 
−
*[[Leishmaniasis|Leishmania]]
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!sexual
+
!transvaginal
 +
|
 +
*[[HIV]]
 +
*[[Viral hepatitis|Hepatitis B]]
 +
|
 +
*[[Gonorrhea|Neonatal gonococcal conjunctivitis]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!breastfeeding
 +
|
 +
*[[HTLV-1]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Malaria|Plasmodium]]
 
−
*[[Trypanosomiasis|Trypanosoma also has sexual stage]]
 
−
*[[Leishmaniasis|Leishmania also has sexual stage]]
 
−
*[[Cryptosporidiasis|Cryptosporidium]]
 
−
*[[Cyclosporiasis|Cyclospora]]
 
−
*[[Isosporiasis|Isospora]]
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
33行目: 50行目:
 
|}
 
|}
  
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==Routes of transmission==
+
===Soil and Water===
−
===Vertical transmission that matters===
+
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
−
{|class="wikitable"
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
−
!placental
+
!Soil to skin
 
|
 
|
−
*[[HIV]]
 
−
*[[Viral hepatitis|Hepatitis B]]
 
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Syphilis]]
+
*[[Melioidosis]]
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Trypanosomiasis|Chagas]]
 
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Sporotrichosis]]<br>esp. florists and gardeners
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]] (by larvae)
 +
*[[Strongyloidiasis]] (by larvae)
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!transvaginal
+
!Soil to mouth
 +
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[HIV]]
 
−
*[[Viral hepatitis|Hepatitis B]]
 
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Gonorrhea|Neonatal gonococcal conjunctivitis]]
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Ascariasis]] (by eggs)
 +
*[[Toxocariasis]] (by eggs)
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!breastfeeding
+
!Soil to airway
 +
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[HTLV-1]]
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Coccidioidomycosis]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Water===
 
−
{|class="wikitable"
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode
+
!Anus to mouth※
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Enterobiasis (pinworm)]] (by eggs)
 +
*[[Trichuriasis (whipworm)]] (by eggs)
 +
|
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Direct contact to freshwater
 
!Direct contact to freshwater
−
|nil
+
|
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Leptospirosis]]
 
*[[Leptospirosis]]
85行目: 114行目:
 
*[[Amoebiasis|''Acanthamoeba'' spp.]] (cornea)
 
*[[Amoebiasis|''Acanthamoeba'' spp.]] (cornea)
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Schistosomiasis]]
 
 
|
 
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Schistosomiasis]] (by cercariae)
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Aspiration of freshwater
 
!Aspiration of freshwater
94行目: 124行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Amoebiasis|''Naegleria fowleri'']]
 
*[[Amoebiasis|''Naegleria fowleri'']]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
104行目: 135行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Amoebiasis|''Naegleria fowleri'']]
 
*[[Amoebiasis|''Naegleria fowleri'']]
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm)]]
 
*[[Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm)]]
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Soil===
 
−
{|class="wikitable"
 
−
|-
 
−
! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode
 
−
|-
 
−
!soil
 
−
|nil
 
−
|
 
−
*[[Melioidosis]]
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
*[[Strongyloidiasis]]
 
−
*[[Ascariasis]]
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|}
 
|}
 +
※Direct transmission from anus to mouth, though classified as Soil-Transmitted Helminths
  
−
===Animals===
+
===Animals and Aquatic organism===
−
{|class="wikitable"
+
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Rodent
+
!Rodents
 
|
 
|
 
*Hantavirus
 
*Hantavirus
 
*[[Viral Hemorrhagic Fever|Lassa]]  
 
*[[Viral Hemorrhagic Fever|Lassa]]  
 +
*[[Smallpox and Monkeypox|Monkeypox]]
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Leptospirosis]]
 
*[[Leptospirosis]]
 
*[[Plague]]
 
*[[Plague]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
148行目: 173行目:
 
*[[Bartonellosis]]
 
*[[Bartonellosis]]
 
*[[Brucellosis]]
 
*[[Brucellosis]]
 +
*[[Anthrax]]
 +
|
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Trichinellosis]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Taeniasis]]
 +
|-
 +
!Freshwater fish
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Gnathostomiasis]] (by larvae)
 +
|
 +
*[[Metagonimiasis]] (by metacercariae)<br>(sweetfish 鮎)
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!
+
!Freshwater crab
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
160行目: 200行目:
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Paragonimiasis]] (by metacercariae)
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!Sea fish
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Anisakiasis]] (by larvae)
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Diphyllobothriasis]]
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
===Flies===
 
===Flies===
−
{|class="wikitable"
+
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 +
|-
 +
!Sandfly ''Phlebotomus''<br>- old world (Africa)
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Sandfly
+
!Sandfly ''Lutzomyia''<br>- new world (Americas)
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
173行目: 242行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
 
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!Tse Tse fly
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Trypanosomiasis|African trypanosomiasis]]
 +
|
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Blackfly
 
!Blackfly
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
185行目: 267行目:
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Tse Tse fly
+
![https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/Creatures/livestock/deer_fly.htm Deer fly ''Chrysops'']
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Loiasis]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
![https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/Creatures/livestock/deer_fly.htm Horse fly ''Tabanus'']
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Loiasis]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
===Acari, Fleas, Lice===
 +
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 +
|-
 +
!style="width:12.5%" colspan="2"|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 +
|-
 +
!rowspan="6"|hard<br>ticks!!''Ixodes''
 +
|
 +
*[[Tick-borne encephalitis]]
 +
|
 +
*[[Lyme disease and Relapsing fever|Lyme disease]]
 +
*[[Tularaemia]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!''Dermacentor''
 +
|
 +
*[[Viral Hemorrhagic Fever|Omsk hemorrhagic fever]]
 +
|
 +
*[[Spotted fevers|Rocky Mountain spotted fever]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!''Haemaphysalis''
 +
|
 +
*[[Viral Hemorrhagic Fever|Kyasanur Forest disease]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!''Hyalomma''
 +
|
 +
*[[Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!''Rhipicephalus''
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Spotted fevers|Mediterranean spotted fever]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!''Amblyomma''
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Spotted fevers|African spotted fever<br>(African tick bite fever)]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!soft<br>ticks!!''Ornithodoros''
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Lyme disease and Relapsing fever|Relapsing fever]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Trypanosomiasis|African trypanosomiasis]]
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
![https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/Creatures/livestock/deer_fly.htm Deer fly<br>''Chrysops'']
+
!chigger<br>mite!!''Leptotrombidium''
 
|
 
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Scrub typhus]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Loasis]]
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
![https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/Creatures/livestock/deer_fly.htm Horse fly<br>''Tabanus'']
+
!colspan="2"|flea
 
|
 
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Plague]]
 +
*[[Murine typhus]]
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!colspan="2"|lice
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Epidemic typhus]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Loasis]]
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
214行目: 406行目:
  
 
==Incubation period/Latent infection==
 
==Incubation period/Latent infection==
−
{|class="wikitable"
+
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Incubation/latency possibly > 1 year
+
!possibly > 1 year
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
224行目: 423行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Leishmania]]
 
*[[Leishmania]]
 +
*[[Trypanosomiasis|''Trypanosoma cruzi'']]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Trypanosomiasis|''Trypanosoma cruzi'']]
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
232行目: 432行目:
 
==Target organs==
 
==Target organs==
 
===Eye involvement===
 
===Eye involvement===
−
{|class="wikitable"
+
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Conjunctivitis
 
!Conjunctivitis
241行目: 448行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Leptospirosis]] as conjunctival suffusion
 
*[[Leptospirosis]] as conjunctival suffusion
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
248行目: 456行目:
  
 
===Skin involvement===
 
===Skin involvement===
−
{|class="wikitable"
+
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
 
!larvae migrans
 
!larvae migrans
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
259行目: 475行目:
 
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]
 
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]
 
*[[Gnathostomiasis]]
 
*[[Gnathostomiasis]]
−
*[[Strongyloidiasis]] as larva currens
+
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
!larvae currens
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
*[[Strongyloidiasis]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
265行目: 490行目:
  
 
===Liver and spleen involvement===
 
===Liver and spleen involvement===
−
{|class="wikitable"
+
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Jaundice
 
!Jaundice
277行目: 509行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Malaria]]
 
*[[Malaria]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Hepatosplenomegaly
+
!Hepato-<br>splenomegaly
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
290行目: 523行目:
 
*[[Malaria]]
 
*[[Malaria]]
 
*[[Leishmaniasis|Visceral leishmaniasis]]
 
*[[Leishmaniasis|Visceral leishmaniasis]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
300行目: 534行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Leptospirosis]]
 
*[[Leptospirosis]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
310行目: 545行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Leishmaniasis|Visceral leishmaniasis]]
 
*[[Leishmaniasis|Visceral leishmaniasis]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
316行目: 552行目:
  
 
==Infected cells==
 
==Infected cells==
−
{|class="wikitable"
+
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Macrophage
+
!Red blood cell
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Tuberculosis]]
+
*[[Malaria]]
−
*[[Brucellosis]]
+
*[[Babesiosis]]
−
*[[Melioidosis]]
 
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Trypanosomiasis]]
 
−
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|}
 
−
 
−
==Syndromes==
 
−
{|class="wikitable"
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode
+
!Macrophage
−
|-
 
−
!L&ouml;effler syndrome
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Tuberculosis]]
 +
*[[Brucellosis]]
 +
*[[Melioidosis]]
 
|
 
|
−
|
+
*[[Trypanosomiasis]]
−
*[[Ascariasis]]
+
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
−
*[[Strongyloidiasis]]
 
−
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
!Mazzotti reaction
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
*[[Onchocerciasis|DEC for onchocerciasis highly possible]]
 
−
*[[Onchocerciasis|Ivermectin for onchocerciasis sometimes possible]]
 
−
*[[Loiasis|Ivermectin for loasis with onchocerca sometimes possible]]
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
==Treatment==
+
==Syndromes with special names==
−
===Treatment for helminths===
+
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
−
{|class="wikitable"
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
! !!Virus!!Bacteria and Rickettsia!!Protozoa!!Nematode!!Trematode!!Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Diethylcarbamazepine<br>(DEC)
+
!Katayama syndrome
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Lymphatic filariasis]]
 
−
*[[Loiasis|Loiasis when <8,000MF/mL]]
 
−
*'''NEVER for [[Onchocerciasis]]''' and beware of co-infection
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|-
 
−
!Ivermectin
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
*[[Onchocerciasis]]
 
−
**but Mazzotti 10% and encephalopathy
 
−
*'''NEVER for [[Loiasis]]''' and beware of co-infection
 
−
*[[Strongyloidiasis]]
 
−
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]
 
−
*[[Gnathostomiasis]]
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Schistosomiasis]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Albendazole
+
!L&ouml;effler syndrome
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
*[[Loiasis|Loiasis when >8,000MF/mL]]
 
−
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]
 
−
*[[Trichuriasis (whipworm)]]
 
−
*[[Trichinellosis]]
 
−
*[[Toxocariasis]]
 
−
*[[Enterobiasis (pinworm)]]
 
−
*[[Gnathostomiasis]]
 
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Echinococcosis]]
 
−
|-
 
−
!Praziquantel
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
415行目: 618行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Ascariasis]]
 
*[[Ascariasis]]
 +
*[[Strongyloidiasis]]
 +
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Schistosomiasis|Adult of schistosoma]]
 
−
*[[Clonorchiasis]]
 
−
*[[Paragonimiasis]]
 
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Diphyllobothriasis]]
 
−
*[[Taeniasis]]
 
−
*[[Echinococcosis]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Triclabendazole
+
!Mazzotti reaction
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
430行目: 629行目:
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Fasciolasis]]
+
*[[Onchocerciasis|DEC for onchocerciasis highly possible]]
−
|
+
*[[Onchocerciasis|Ivermectin for onchocerciasis sometimes possible]]
−
|-
+
*[[Loiasis|Ivermectin for loasis with onchocerca sometimes possible]]
−
!Doxycycline
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
*[[Lymphatic filariasis|Adult of lymphatic filariae for ''Wolbachia'']]
 
−
*[[Onchocerciasis|Adult of onchocerca for ''Wolbachia'']]
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Mechanical removal<br>Spontaneous resolution<br>No effective treatment
+
!Wakana syndrome
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm)]]
 
−
*[[Anisakiasis]]
 
−
*[[Angiostrongyliasis (rat lungworm)]]
 
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Echinococcosis|PAIR for ''Echinococcus granulosus''<br>Surgery for ''Echinococcus multilocularis'']]
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Options for LF, Oncho and Loiasis===
 
−
{|class="wikitable"
 
−
|-
 
−
! !![[Lymphatic filariasis]]!![[Onchocerciasis]]!![[Loiasis]]
 
−
|-
 
−
!Diethylcarbamazepine<br>(DEC)
 
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|1st line
 
−
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''<br>possibly Mazzotti
 
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|<8,000MF/mL
 
−
|-
 
−
!Ivermectin
 
 
|
 
|
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|1st line<br>but Mazzotti 10%
 
−
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''<br>possibly encephalopathy
 
−
|-
 
−
!Albendazole
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|>8,000MF/mL
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
{|class="wikitable"
+
==Treatment==
−
|-
 
−
! !![[Lymphatic filariasis]]!!→LF & Oncho←!![[Onchocerciasis]]!!→Oncho & Loiasis←!![[Loiasis]]
 
−
|-
 
−
!Diethylcarbamazepine<br>(DEC)
 
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|1st line
 
−
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''
 
−
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''
 
−
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''
 
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|<8,000MF/mL
 
−
|-
 
−
!Ivermectin
 
−
|
 
−
|rowspan="2" style="background:aquamarine;"|[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC293471/ Ivermectin + Albendazole<br>may be safe]
 
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|1st line<br>but Mazzotti 10%
 
−
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''
 
−
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''
 
−
|-
 
−
!Albendazole
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|>8,000MF/mL
 
−
|}
 

2023年9月21日 (木) 17:28時点における最新版

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Chevron-up-blue.png

Routes of transmission

Vertical transmission

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
placental
transvaginal
breastfeeding

Soil and Water

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Soil to skin
Soil to mouth
Soil to airway
Anus to mouth※
Direct contact to freshwater
Aspiration of freshwater
Ingestion of freshwater

※Direct transmission from anus to mouth, though classified as Soil-Transmitted Helminths

Animals and Aquatic organism

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Rodents
Domestic animals
Freshwater fish
Freshwater crab
Sea fish

Flies

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Sandfly Phlebotomus
- old world (Africa)
Sandfly Lutzomyia
- new world (Americas)
Tse Tse fly
Blackfly
Deer fly Chrysops
Horse fly Tabanus

Acari, Fleas, Lice

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
hard
ticks		 Ixodes
Dermacentor
Haemaphysalis
Hyalomma
Rhipicephalus
Amblyomma
soft
ticks		 Ornithodoros
chigger
mite		 Leptotrombidium
flea
lice

Incubation period/Latent infection

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
possibly > 1 year

Target organs

Eye involvement

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Conjunctivitis

Skin involvement

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
larvae migrans
larvae currens

Liver and spleen involvement

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Jaundice
Hepato-
splenomegaly
Hepatomegaly predominant
Splenomegaly predominant

Infected cells

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Red blood cell
Macrophage

Syndromes with special names

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Katayama syndrome
Löeffler syndrome
Mazzotti reaction
Wakana syndrome

Treatment

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