「Matrices of tropical infection」の版間の差分

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1行目: 1行目:
 
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==Reproduction of protozoa==
 
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!asexual<br>(fission)
 
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*[[Amoebiasis|Intestinal amoeba]]
 
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*[[Giardiasis|Giardia]]
 
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*[[Trypanosomiasis|Trypanosoma]]
 
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*[[Leishmaniasis|Leishmania]]
 
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!sexual<br>(zygote)
 
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*[[Malaria|Plasmodium]]
 
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*[[Cryptosporidiasis|Cryptosporidium]]
 
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*[[Cyclosporiasis|Cyclospora]]
 
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*[[Isosporiasis|Isospora]]
 
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!both of <br>asexual and sexual
 
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*[[Trypanosomiasis]]
 
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*[[Leishmaniasis]]
 
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==Routes of transmission==
 
==Routes of transmission==
117行目: 67行目:
 
*[[Melioidosis]]
 
*[[Melioidosis]]
 
|
 
|
−
*[[Sporotrichosis]]
+
|
 +
*[[Sporotrichosis]]<br>esp. florists and gardeners
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]] (by larvae)
 
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]] (by larvae)
 
*[[Strongyloidiasis]] (by larvae)
 
*[[Strongyloidiasis]] (by larvae)
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|-
 
|-
205行目: 155行目:
 
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
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!Rodent
+
!Rodents
 
|
 
|
 
*Hantavirus
 
*Hantavirus
 
*[[Viral Hemorrhagic Fever|Lassa]]  
 
*[[Viral Hemorrhagic Fever|Lassa]]  
−
*[[Monkeypox]]
+
*[[Smallpox and Monkeypox|Monkeypox]]
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Leptospirosis]]
 
*[[Leptospirosis]]
281行目: 231行目:
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
 
|
 
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−
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
 
 
|
 
|
 
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|
291行目: 241行目:
 
*[[Bartonellosis]]<br>(Oroya fever, Carrion's disease)
 
*[[Bartonellosis]]<br>(Oroya fever, Carrion's disease)
 
|
 
|
 +
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
 
|
 
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−
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
 
 
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|-
 
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!Blackfly
+
!Tse Tse fly
 
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 +
*[[Trypanosomiasis|African trypanosomiasis]]
 
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*[[Onchocerciasis]]
 
 
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|-
 
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!Tse Tse fly
+
!Blackfly
 
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−
*[[Trypanosomiasis|African trypanosomiasis]]
 
 
|
 
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 +
*[[Onchocerciasis]]
 
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|
458行目: 408行目:
 
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!style="width:12.5%|Virus
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!style="width:14%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
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!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
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!style="width:14%|Protozoa
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!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
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!style="width:14%|Nematode
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!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
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!style="width:14%|Trematode
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!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
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!style="width:14%|Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
 
!possibly > 1 year
 
!possibly > 1 year
473行目: 424行目:
 
*[[Leishmania]]
 
*[[Leishmania]]
 
*[[Trypanosomiasis|''Trypanosoma cruzi'']]
 
*[[Trypanosomiasis|''Trypanosoma cruzi'']]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
482行目: 434行目:
 
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!style="width:16%|  
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!style="width:12.5%|  
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!style="width:14%|Virus
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!style="width:12.5%|Virus
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!style="width:14%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
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!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
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!style="width:14%|Protozoa
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!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
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!style="width:14%|Nematode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
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!style="width:14%|Trematode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
−
!style="width:14%|Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Conjunctivitis
 
!Conjunctivitis
495行目: 448行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Leptospirosis]] as conjunctival suffusion
 
*[[Leptospirosis]] as conjunctival suffusion
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
504行目: 458行目:
 
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!style="width:14%|Virus
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!style="width:12.5%|Virus
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!style="width:14%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
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!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
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!style="width:14%|Protozoa
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!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
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!style="width:14%|Nematode
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!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
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!style="width:14%|Trematode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
−
!style="width:14%|Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
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|-
 
!larvae migrans
 
!larvae migrans
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
523行目: 479行目:
 
|-
 
|-
 
!larvae currens
 
!larvae currens
 +
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535行目: 492行目:
 
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!style="width:16%|  
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!style="width:12.5%|  
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!style="width:14%|Virus
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!style="width:12.5%|Virus
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!style="width:14%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
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!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
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!style="width:14%|Protozoa
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!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
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!style="width:14%|Nematode
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!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
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!style="width:14%|Trematode
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!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
−
!style="width:14%|Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Jaundice
 
!Jaundice
551行目: 509行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Malaria]]
 
*[[Malaria]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Hepatosplenomegaly
+
!Hepato-<br>splenomegaly
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
564行目: 523行目:
 
*[[Malaria]]
 
*[[Malaria]]
 
*[[Leishmaniasis|Visceral leishmaniasis]]
 
*[[Leishmaniasis|Visceral leishmaniasis]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
574行目: 534行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Leptospirosis]]
 
*[[Leptospirosis]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
584行目: 545行目:
 
|
 
|
 
*[[Leishmaniasis|Visceral leishmaniasis]]
 
*[[Leishmaniasis|Visceral leishmaniasis]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
592行目: 554行目:
 
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!style="width:16%|  
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!style="width:12.5%|  
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!style="width:14%|Virus
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!style="width:12.5%|Virus
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!style="width:14%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
+
!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
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!style="width:14%|Protozoa
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!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
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!style="width:14%|Nematode
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!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
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!style="width:14%|Trematode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
−
!style="width:14%|Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Red blood cell
 
!Red blood cell
606行目: 569行目:
 
*[[Malaria]]
 
*[[Malaria]]
 
*[[Babesiosis]]
 
*[[Babesiosis]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
619行目: 583行目:
 
*[[Trypanosomiasis]]
 
*[[Trypanosomiasis]]
 
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
 
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
627行目: 592行目:
 
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
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|-
−
!style="width:16%|  
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!style="width:12.5%|  
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!style="width:14%|Virus
+
!style="width:12.5%|Virus
−
!style="width:14%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
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!style="width:12.5%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
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!style="width:14%|Protozoa
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!style="width:12.5%|Protozoa
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!style="width:14%|Nematode
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!style="width:12.5%|Fungi
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!style="width:14%|Trematode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Nematode
−
!style="width:14%|Cestode
+
!style="width:12.5%|Trematode
 +
!style="width:12.5%|Cestode
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Katayama syndrome
 
!Katayama syndrome
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
645行目: 612行目:
 
|-
 
|-
 
!L&ouml;effler syndrome
 
!L&ouml;effler syndrome
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
656行目: 624行目:
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Mazzotti reaction
 
!Mazzotti reaction
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
667行目: 636行目:
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Wakana syndrome
 
!Wakana syndrome
 +
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677行目: 647行目:
  
 
==Treatment==
 
==Treatment==
−
===Treatment for helminths===
 
−
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!style="width:16%|
 
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!style="width:14%|Virus
 
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!style="width:14%|Bacteria/<br>Rickettsia
 
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!style="width:14%|Protozoa
 
−
!style="width:14%|Nematode
 
−
!style="width:14%|Trematode
 
−
!style="width:14%|Cestode
 
−
|-
 
−
!Diethylcarbamazine<br>(DEC)
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
*[[Lymphatic filariasis]]
 
−
*[[Loiasis|Loiasis when <8,000MF/mL]]
 
−
*'''NEVER for [[Onchocerciasis]]''' and beware of co-infection
 
−
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|-
 
−
!Ivermectin
 
−
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−
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−
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−
*[[Onchocerciasis]]
 
−
**but Mazzotti 10% and encephalopathy
 
−
*'''NEVER for [[Loiasis]]''' and beware of co-infection
 
−
*[[Strongyloidiasis]]
 
−
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]
 
−
*[[Gnathostomiasis]]
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
!Albendazole
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
*[[Loiasis|Loiasis when >8,000MF/mL]]
 
−
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)]]
 
−
*[[Trichuriasis (whipworm)]]
 
−
*[[Trichinellosis]]
 
−
*[[Toxocariasis]]
 
−
*[[Enterobiasis (pinworm)]]
 
−
*[[Gnathostomiasis]]
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
*[[Echinococcosis]]
 
−
|-
 
−
!Praziquantel
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
*[[Ascariasis]]
 
−
|
 
−
*[[Schistosomiasis|Adult of schistosoma]]
 
−
*[[Clonorchiasis]]
 
−
*[[Paragonimiasis]]
 
−
|
 
−
*[[Diphyllobothriasis]]
 
−
*[[Taeniasis]]
 
−
*[[Echinococcosis]]
 
−
|-
 
−
!Triclabendazole
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
*[[Fasciolasis]]
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
!Doxycycline
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
*[[Lymphatic filariasis|Adult of lymphatic filariae for ''Wolbachia'']]
 
−
*[[Onchocerciasis|Adult of onchocerca for ''Wolbachia'']]
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
!Surgical/Mechanical removal
 
−
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−
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−
|
 
−
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−
*[[Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm)]]
 
−
*[[Anisakiasis]]
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
*[[Echinococcosis|PAIR for ''Echinococcus granulosus'']]
 
−
*[[Echinococcosis|Surgery for ''Echinococcus multilocularis'']]
 
−
|-
 
−
!Spontaneous resolution/<br>No effective treatment
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
*[[Angiostrongyliasis (rat lungworm)]]
 
−
*[[Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)|Cutaneous larva migrans by ancylostomiasis]]
 
−
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−
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|}
 
−
 
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===Treatment options of Lymphatic filariasis, Onchocerciasis and Loiasis===
 
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{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
−
|-
 
−
!style="width:25%"|
 
−
!style="width:25%"|[[Lymphatic filariasis]]
 
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!style="width:25%"|[[Onchocerciasis]]
 
−
!style="width:25%"|[[Loiasis]]
 
−
|-
 
−
!Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
 
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|1st line
 
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|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''<br>possibly Mazzotti
 
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|<8,000 MF/mL
 
−
|-
 
−
!Ivermectin
 
−
|
 
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|1st line<br>but Mazzotti 10%
 
−
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''<br>possibly encephalopathy
 
−
|-
 
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!Albendazole
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|>8,000 MF/mL
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
{|class="wikitable" style="width:1000px"
 
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|-
 
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!style="width:25%"|
 
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!style="width:15%|[[Lymphatic filariasis]]
 
−
!style="width:15%|LF & Oncho
 
−
!style="width:15%|[[Onchocerciasis]]
 
−
!style="width:15%|Oncho & Loiasis
 
−
!style="width:15%|[[Loiasis]]
 
−
|-
 
−
!Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
 
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|1st line
 
−
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''
 
−
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''
 
−
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''
 
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|<8,000 MF/mL
 
−
|-
 
−
!Ivermectin
 
−
|
 
−
|rowspan="2" style="background:aquamarine;"|[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC293471/ Ivermectin + Albendazole<br>may be safe]
 
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|1st line<br>but Mazzotti 10%
 
−
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''
 
−
|style="background:pink; text-align:center;"|'''NEVER'''
 
−
|-
 
−
!Albendazole
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|may be an option
 
−
|style="background:aquamarine;"|>8,000 MF/mL
 
−
|-
 
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!Other option
 
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|Cytapheresis of oncho MF before DEC
 
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|}
 
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※MF = '''m'''icro'''f'''ilariae
 

2023年9月21日 (木) 17:28時点における最新版

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厚生労働省が発出する保健行政関連の文書の読み解き方
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Nematode principles
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Loiasis
Microscopic differentiation of microfilariae
Strongyloidiasis
Ascariasis
Ancylostomiasis (hookworm)
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Enterobiasis (pinworm)
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Routes of transmission

Vertical transmission

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
placental
transvaginal
breastfeeding

Soil and Water

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Soil to skin
Soil to mouth
Soil to airway
Anus to mouth※
Direct contact to freshwater
Aspiration of freshwater
Ingestion of freshwater

※Direct transmission from anus to mouth, though classified as Soil-Transmitted Helminths

Animals and Aquatic organism

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Rodents
Domestic animals
Freshwater fish
Freshwater crab
Sea fish

Flies

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Sandfly Phlebotomus
- old world (Africa)
Sandfly Lutzomyia
- new world (Americas)
Tse Tse fly
Blackfly
Deer fly Chrysops
Horse fly Tabanus

Acari, Fleas, Lice

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
hard
ticks		 Ixodes
Dermacentor
Haemaphysalis
Hyalomma
Rhipicephalus
Amblyomma
soft
ticks		 Ornithodoros
chigger
mite		 Leptotrombidium
flea
lice

Incubation period/Latent infection

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
possibly > 1 year

Target organs

Eye involvement

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Conjunctivitis

Skin involvement

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
larvae migrans
larvae currens

Liver and spleen involvement

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Jaundice
Hepato-
splenomegaly
Hepatomegaly predominant
Splenomegaly predominant

Infected cells

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Red blood cell
Macrophage

Syndromes with special names

Virus Bacteria/
Rickettsia 		Protozoa Fungi Nematode Trematode Cestode
Katayama syndrome
Löeffler syndrome
Mazzotti reaction
Wakana syndrome

Treatment

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