Innate immunity
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PAMPs and PRRs
- PAMPs = Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns
- PRRs = Pattern Recognition Receptors
| PAMPs | PRRs |
|---|---|
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Toll-like receptor (TLR)
- Toll is originally a gene discovered in 1985 as a determinant gene of orientation of dorsum and abdomen in drosophila (fruit fly)
- Toll means 'great' in German
- Later toll gene was also discovered to be involved in immunity of drosophila in 1996
- In 1997 'toll-like gene' resembling the original toll gene was found in mice, which functions in innate immunity of broad range of vertebrates
- Toll-like gene produces toll-like receptor expressed on the surfaces of innate immunity cells
Cytokines
| Cytokines |
|---|
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JAK-STAT pathway
- JAK = Janus kinase
- STAT = Signal transducers and activation of transcription
Macrophage
| cytokines secreted by Macrophage |
local effects | systemic effects |
|---|---|---|
| IL-1β | activate vascular endothelium | fever |
| TNF-α | increase vascular permeability | fever |
| IL-6 | activate lymphocyte | fever |
| CXCL8 | recruit granulocytes to site of infection | |
| IL-12 | activate NK cell |
