Insectology

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展開するGeneral issues of Vaccine
Cold chain Correlates of Protection Vaccines for Asplenia Vaccines for Pregnant women Vaccines for Immunocompromised hosts Vaccine hesitancy Additional materials of vaccine

展開するGeneral issues of Tropical med.

Definition of Tropical Medicine Matrices of tropical infection General issues of Helminths Neglected Tropical Diseases Sexually-transmitted infections Non-Communicable Diseases Maternal health and contraception Child health Malnutrition and Micronutrient Eosinophilia Fever in the tropics Diarrhea in the tropics Anemia in the tropics Dermatology in the tropics Ophthalmology in the tropics Neurology in the tropics Mental health in the tropics Surgery in the tropics Humanitarian emergency Epidemiology in outbreak Antimicrobial resistance Pathology of infectious diseases

展開するGeneral issues of Travel med.
Epidemiology of Travel health Last minute traveler Time zone issue High altitude medicine Diving medicine Pregnancy and travel Children and travel Elderly and travel

展開するImmunology
Principle of human immune system Innate immunity Cellular immunity Humoral immunity Neutralizing antibody and its assay Antigenic Cartography Additional materials of immunology

展開するEpi & Stats
Basics & Definition Epidemiology Odds in statistics and Odds in a horse race Collider bias Data distribution Statistical test Regression model Multivariate analysis Marginal effects Prediction and decision Table-related commands in STATA Missing data and imputation

展開するVirus
HIV HIV-TB co-infection HIV-STI interaction Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Ebola Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever SFTS Rabies Polio Dengue Yellow fever Chikungunya Zika Japanese encephalitis Tick-borne encephalitis Viral hepatitis Measles Smallpox and Monkeypox Respiratory Syncytial virus

展開するCOVID-19
Bivalent BA.1/BA.4-5 mRNA vaccines Monovalent XBB-1.5 mRNA vaccine Private archives of the initial phase of the pandemic Private archives of lecture materials of COVID vaccine as of March 2021 厚生労働省が発出する保健行政関連の文書の読み解き方

展開するBacteria
Bacteriological tests Tuberculosis Tuberculosis in Children HIV-TB co-infection Leprosy Dermatological mycobacterium infecions Syphilis and Yaws Plague Pneumococcus Meningococcus Typhoid Salmonellosis Melioidosis Leptospirosis Brucellosis Bartonellosis Lyme disease and Relapsing fever Tularaemia Tetanus Diphtheria Anthrax Coxiellosis

展開するRickettsia
Rickettsiosis Scrub typhus Spotted fevers Epidemic typhus Murine typhus

展開するProtozoa
Overview of protozoa Overview of medicine for protozoa Malaria Chagas disease African trypanosomiasis Leishmaniasis Trichomoniasis Toxoplasmosis Amoebiasis Giardiasis Cryptosporidiosis Cyclosporiasis Isosporiasis Pentatrichomoniasis Microsporidiasis Babesiosis

展開するFungi
General issues of fungi Coccidioidomycosis Paracoccidioidomycosis Histoplasmosis Talaromycosis Blastomycosis Sporotrichosis

展開するNematode (roundworm)
Nematode principles Lympatic filariasis Onchocerciasis Loiasis Microscopic differentiation of microfilariae Strongyloidiasis Ascariasis Ancylostomiasis (hookworm) Trichuriasis (whipworm) Enterobiasis (pinworm) Angiostrongyliasis (rat lungworm) Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm) Anisakiasis Trichinellosis (Trichinosis) Gnathostomiasis Spirurinasis Soil-transmitted helminths

展開するTrematode (fluke, distoma)
General issues of Helminths Trematode principles Schistosomiasis Clonorchiasis Fascioliasis Paragonimiasis Metagonimiasis

展開するCestode (tapeworm)
General issues of Helminths Cestode principles Diphyllobothriasis Sparganosis Taeniasis Echinococcosis

展開するMedical Zoology
Zoonosis Insectology Mosquitology Acarology Batology Snake toxicology Scorpion and spider toxicology Marine toxicology

昆虫と非昆虫

• Invertebrate
  • Arthropod
    • Insects including mosquito
    • Tick

• animalia
  • arthropoda
    • insecta
    • arachnida

• 外骨格 exoskelton
  • 骨に比べて外骨格は重量物を支持するのが困難なため，虫類は一定以上の大きさを持てない
• 変温動物 poikilothermic

• 完全変態 complete metamorphosis
  • egg (ovo) - larva - pupa - adult
• 不完全変態 incomplete metamorphosis
  • egg (ovo) - nymph - adult

Arthropod-borne diseases

Arthropod-borne diseasesは50以上ある

• 半分はmosquito-borne
• 残り半分近くがtick-borne
• Chagas d.
  • true bugs: Triatoma, Rhodnius
• Onchocerciasis
  • blackflies: Simulium
• Leishmaniasis
  • sand flies:Phlebotomus
• Sleeping sickness
  • tse tse flies:

感染経路

• blood feeding
• mechanical transmission
  • direct mechanical transmission
    • thru wound by biting or scratching
  • indirect mechanical transmission
    • Chagas via Triatoma's feces

Mosquitos

• mosquito species > 3,500
• disease-transmitting mosquito species ≈ 300

Non-venomous invertebrates

• Bedbug
  • Cimex lectularius
  • insecticide-resistant bedbug is becoming problem worldwide

blood-sucking vectors

• mono-directional between host and vector
  • Phthiraptera (lice)
  • Hemiptera (kissing bug)
• bi-directional between host and vector
• Diptera (mosquito, fly)
• Siphonaptera (flea)
• Lepidoptera