提供: Vaccipedia | Resources for Vaccines, Tropical medicine and Travel medicine
(
差分)
← 古い版 | 最新版 (差分) | 新しい版 → (差分)
| Navigation Menu
|
|
| General issues of Vaccine
|
|
|
| General issues of Tropical med.
|
|
|
| General issues of Travel med.
|
|
|
| Trematode (fluke, distoma)
|
|
|
morphology
|
Anopheles |
Culex |
Aedes
|
| resting
|
rest at an angle on wall surface
|
rest with body parallel to surface
|
| adult color
|
|
|
black and white
|
| larvae
|
no siphon
|
long siphon
|
short siphon
|
| egg
|
laid singly, floating
|
collected in egg raft, floating
|
laid singly, deposited on damp surface
|
- Mansonia
- Coquillettidia
- larvae siphon piercing into a root of water plants to breathe
- Haemagogous
- Sabethes
- only in Central and South America
- metallically colored body
- dry tolerant eggs
mosquito-borne disease
arbovirus
- arthropod-borne virus
- family Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, Bunyaviridae, Reoviridae, Rhabdoviridae
Aedes-borne disease
- 932 species in the world
- 40 species transmit pathogens
- dengue
- yellow fever
- chikungunya
- zika
| Aedes aegypti |
Aedes albopictus
|
| yellow fever mosquito |
asian tiger mosquito
|
| crescend-shaped white scale lines
|
straight white line
|
| prefer small water containers to breed
|
| feed blood in daytime
|
laid eggs on damp surface
eggs resistant to desiccation, eggs alive 3-6 months under dry condition
|
| only in tropics and subtropics |
worldwide including temperate region
|
| prefers urban area |
prefers transitional to rural area
|
| prefers inside house |
prefers outside
|
| originated from Africa |
originated from Asia
|
|
produce diapause eggs
|
- diapause eggs of A. albopictus
- eggs laid during winter are resistant to dry as well as cold environment
- premature larvae developed and stop developing during winter
- female albopictus produce diapause when sunlight duration gets shorter and temperature lower
- individuals living in areas northern to tropic of Cancer produce diapause eggs
- ones living in tropics never produce diapause eggs
bridging vector
- vectors that transmit pathogen from infected wild animals and subsequently transmit the pathogen to humans
- not always prefer human to feed, nor live close to human
- yellow fever vectors in savannah cycle between sylvatic cycle and urban cycle are bridging vector
- spillout of pathogen from animal
Culex-borne disease
- Culex tritaeniorhyncus
- JEV - Cx. tritaeniorhyncus is bridging vector
- Cx. pipiens complex
- 4 subspecies
- West Nile virus - Cx. pipiens complex are bridging vectors
- hybridazation of Culex may have brought introduction of WNV into North America
- Lymphatic filariasis
- Wuchereria bancrofti
- Brugia malayi
- Brugia timori
- various Culex species are attributable to transmission of microfilaria
Anopheles
Morphology
- 肢にwhite spotsが多数ある
- Anophelesのlarvaeは水面近くで横向きに浮く
- ova is boat-shaped, laid and floated singly on water surface
Blood-sucking activity
Vector function
- Only 30-40 species transmit human malaria
anopheles in Africa
- An. gambiae complex
- 8 species in all
- morphologically similar
- prevalent broadly in sub-Saharan Africa
- An. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.)
- An. arabiensis (except around DRC)
- prevalent only eastern Africa
- prevalent only western Africa
- An. funestus group
- 9 species in all
- morphologically distinguishable
- most important
tendency
|
An. arabiensis |
An. gambiae |
An. funestus
|
| Blood meal preference
|
more of livestock
|
more of human
|
| Adult resting site
|
more outdoor
|
more indoor
|
| Breeding site
|
small and open
|
large and vegi
|
