Batology
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bat
- class Mammalia, order Chiroptera, 1,224 species
- 37 species in Japan
- 2 extinct
- only mammal that can fly
- 10-15km for microchiropterans, 50km for megachiropterans
- echolocation
- sound sensor
- roosting behavior
- natural roost
- man-made habitats
- colony size of <10 to >200,000
- longevity >10-20 yrs
- the oldest 41 y/o
- 1 offspring per a pair
- dietary habits
- insectivorous
- eats amount of 1/3 of body weight per night
- frugivorous
- pollenizer & disseminates seeds
- carnivorous
- omnivorous
- sangvorous
- blood-sucking bats are very rare
- insectivorous
- alloterm
- seasonal hibernation in some species
bat derived virus
- rabies in 1936
- Hendavirus in 2000
- Nipah virus in 2002
- ebolavirus in 2005
- ...
nipah
- fruit bat is natural reservoir of nipah virus
- pig is amplifier
- El Niño phenomena in 1997-98 promoted breeding of bats
- bat contaminated date palm sap with nipah virus
- later direct human-to-human transmission observed in nipah outbreak in Malaysia
influenza
- distinct lineage of flu A in bat
- H17N10, H18N11
- potential generator of pandemic influenza
bat surveillance
- karstic areas in northern part of Viet Nam
- karst landscape - many caves
- paradise for bats
- bat hunters in northern Viet Nam
